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如何看待雅思考试和语言能力提高

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学雅思的正确心态 如何看待考试和语言能力提高

学语言,是为了应用

在雅思剑桥真题集中考试介绍部分对A类考试阅读部分是这样说的:

[There are three texts, which are taken from journals, books, magazines and newspapers.The texts are on topics of general interest.]

雅思阅读文章取材来源如此广泛,话题如此多样。这是高压的高中生活最缺少的必修课----广泛阅读。而G类甚至还包括了“notices, advertisement, leaflets, instruction manuels”。

因为雅思考试就是想告诉你,想在国外生活,需要掌握哪些基本的能力。

还有“At least one text contains detailed logical argument.” 除了文章内容五花八门,还一定要有至少一篇论述细致、逻辑性强的议论文。这完全适应了英语国家留学生的英语要求,当你能轻易的看懂这些文章就意味着你的留学生活中不会有很大的语言问题。

关于背单词这件大事

另外一个很大的问题是几乎所有的英语学习者遇到的问题:背单词。几乎每个学习第二外语的人,都会抱怨背单词记不住;如果要考试,短期背下大量单词更是难上加难。而就算真的背下来了,也是睡醒了一切回到解放前。哪怕是用了各种单词卡片、学了词根词缀、编了故事、抄了口诀,也是分分钟可以“单词是单词,我是我”,句子该看不懂还是看不懂。

面对这样丰满的理想和骨干的现实之间的差距,只有做到了知彼知己,才可以逐个击破。拿最新的剑桥真题10来举个例子,列举一下所有阅读部分的标题。

TEST1

P1 The Value of a College Degree

P2 Less Television, Less Violence and Aggression

P3 Issues Affecting the Southern Resident Orcas

TEST2

P1 Glaciers

P2 Irish Potato Famine

P3 Anesthesiology

TEST3

P1 The History of Bicycles

P2 Segway into the Future

P3 The meaning of volunteering

TEST4

P1 Finding the Lost Freedom

P2 Rising Sea

P3 New Rules Eqr the Paper Game

看文章标题,能知道这些来源于生活的学术文章,实则是在测试你留学过程中能不能看懂学校的材料。既然知道这些文章是出自报刊、杂志、学术期刊、书籍,且题目范围广,但目标类别清晰,那何不平时,比如一个星期找来一篇这样的文章当做课外阅读?

来源也可以选择比如BBC NEWS, National Geographic,The Economics中的文章,都是真正的native speaker写的地道英文,搞定这些,你还怕什么语言考试?你甚至可以和native speaker辩论。

当然阅读只是第一步。在读的时候遇到生词是件必然的事情,无论你是高中生也好,大学生也罢,据柯林斯词典统计数据显示,如果掌握6500核心词,可以读通英语资料的 90%,掌握常用词汇的 14600个,就可以读懂任何英语材料的 95%,即从理论上说,任何一篇 100词的文章大约有 5个生词。

如果要读通外国刊物或原版小说,词汇量则要在14600以上。而如果你可以通过平时积累,潜移默化地掌握了这么多单词,或者退一步说,掌握了6500核心词。而且这些单词是在有语境、有故事情节、在你没有任何考试压力、心情愉悦的状态下、在兴趣的驱使中自然吸收的单词,印象会相对深刻很多。否则按照原始的背单词的方法,你只会记得某个单词在单词书里面某一页的左上角第二个,但说什么也想不起它的意思。

其二,单词搞定,句子可以懂。很多同学句子里面的每个单词都认识,但连起来句子看完第一反应就是“什么鬼”。看懂句子需要一定的语法基础,但是没有一个讲中文的中国人是靠语法学的中文。

身边确实有这样的同学,让他把英语翻译成中文,简直就没有言语可以表达;但如果直接让他英语输出,每个句子都可以漂亮到没有语法错误且地道有说服力。这就是我们常说的“语感”。而语感就是通过日积月累的阅读,无形中改造了大脑回路。把我们自然而然的训练成了英语思维和说话的逻辑。我们不再需要刻意的套用千篇一律的模板,而是可以讲烂熟于心的所谓“句型”用得如鱼得水。

听力一样不是魔鬼!

听力是一个留学生在初期留学最大的问题,因为听不懂哪里来的说得好,写的棒?而大部分同学都表示自己出国初期根本听不懂。

BBC News是点击率较高的听力磨耳朵材料,因为它不仅可以看,还可以听,每天只需要一篇小文,5-8分钟长度即可,这都是在给你的留学生活做准备,当然还可以兼顾你的英语考试。

如果真的要参加雅思考试,这个时候你再集中精力花 2到3个月了解考试,并且认真的做几套题,熟悉考试的题型和流程,就可以轻松又从容拿到自己目标的成绩了。也许你会觉得不可思议,但是作为一个只测试你的语言能力的考试,如果你真的英语好了,哪里还需要为了考试而学习,那些所谓的“必会词”和“核心句型”你不是很早之前就积累在自己的小本本里面了吗?!

其实无论是雅思考试还是其他语言测试考试,千变万化也不过只有一个宗旨,就是为了测试你的语言能力能不能适应学校的学习和生活。当你踏踏实实每天都为自己的未来努力一点点,dream school就不是不可实现的目标。

就像我们都知道 0.98的365次方和1.02的 365次方差距是多么大,不积跬步无以至千里。只有平时把练英语当做生活中的一部分,真正的练习语言能力,你一定能在一系列科学的学习方法下,语言大幅度的提升。而这一切都起源于你要考雅思。

三大雅思阅读丢分点概述

一般而言,中国考生雅思阅读成绩还是不错的,但是能拿到满分的还是很少,究其原因,雅思阅读丢分点并未引起重视,为此特进行收集整理,分享给大家,希望对大家有所帮助,文中观点仅供参考。

雅思阅读丢分点一:遇到生词,束手无策,无法正常进行阅读和做题

雅思阅读考试文章来源于国外原版的期刊或杂志,话题覆盖面广,科技,自然,环保,社会,文化,工作,生物,地理等无不涉及,所以遇到生词在情理之中。但一部分烤鸭遇到生词后就信心全失,慌乱至极,打破了自己原有的阅读节奏和速度,做题时也因为生词被卡壳,结果题目不仅没有解出,还影响了后面的做题速度和时间,可谓“一发动而迁全身”。对此,生词的出现在所难免,只要大家有基本的词汇量,完全可以将生词的问题逐一击破。

A. 有时候生词属于比较专业的词汇,它们的出现不是为了考察考生的词汇量,更多的是检阅大家的应变和判断能力。尤其在题目中出现的所谓生词,更是可以坏事变好事,成为考生定位答案的线索词。

比如:在剑桥7 “Why pagodas don't fall down”一文,5-10题的分类题中第6题“tiles on eaves”,很可能考生在三个单词中有两个都不认识,这时候如何是好呢?首先,先观察这两个生词的词性。在介词“on”的前后,且分别加了“s”, 可以判断是名词。在这篇建筑类的文章中论及我们不认识的名词,想必不是日常词汇,所以完全可以把“tiles”和“eaves”作为定位词去原文寻找答案。

B. 有时候生词的含义可以在上下文中直接得到。在雅思阅读文章时遇到的生词,有相当一部分的含义可以通过多种猜测单词的方法得到,所以,在生词的周围或上下文寻找其解释不失为有效途径。

例如,剑桥4的文章“How much higher? How much faster?”中,有这样一个句子:“One of the most important new methodologies is biomechanics, the study of the body in motion.” “biomechanics”这个单词从构词法上看,我们只能够知道其和生物有关,此时,看后面的同位语部分就能很好的帮我们解释这个词的意思,直接且易懂,即对身体在运动状态下的研究。

雅思阅读丢分点二:不能权衡做题的优先性,无法把握做题时间

很多烤鸭在面对雅思阅读考试时,都会感叹时间不够,有的考生会剩下半篇文章没有读完,更有甚者,一个小时只够用来做两篇文章。其中做题速度无法达到要求的原因有很多,词汇量,阅读方法,做题技巧无一不是。此外,还有一个很重要的因素:不会取舍,不会衡量做题的优先性。雅思阅读3篇文章,存在难易程度的差别。考生应选择自己擅长或熟悉的话题文章优先做。而对一篇文章而言,做题顺序可以如下排布:Heading题 ---- 填空型题(表格,图示,简答,summary, 完成句子) ---- 判断题 ---- 选择型题(单选,多选),平均每篇文章的做题时间控制在20min, 如时间到,还有少量题目(1-2题)没有做完,可放宽少许时间完成。若还余留多题未完成,建议先舍弃,做下一篇文章,因为不排除下一篇文章,看似文章话题难,但题目容易的情况。难度系数高的题目在每个人面前都一样,我们希望确保容易的题目百分百的拿下。

雅思阅读丢分点三:对题目考点把握不清,不知如何确定keywords

很多考生在平时的练习和考场上面对划keywords总是单一的跟着感觉走,或是将一道题目中大部分的词都划下来作为keywords, 完全失了方向和重点,直接导致答案很难在原文锁定。所以,keywords是对题目的浓缩,也是题目的线索词,更是考点。考生们应该在平时的课堂和练习中,多加总结考点词的特点,以达到用一到两个词就涵盖整个题目的效果。利用keywords定位答案,更集中目标,更有方向性。

例如:在剑桥7,“Why pagodas don't fall down”的分类题中,“size of eaves up to half width of the building”, 这道题目看似比较长,信息多,其实如果了解数字是一个考点,就能果断划出half这个keywords, 并且根据做题经验,预测到其在原文必定会变换形式成fifty percent。如果在原文寻找答案前就把握了以上这些,找起来自然速度快了许多。

无论考试还是练习,错误在所难免,失分也是情理之中,但如果我们能从失分点中获得经验和新的认知,失分点会骤变为优势。雅思阅读的提高不仅仅是话题单词的记忆,题型技巧的掌握,如果能从错误中学习总结,相信会更加有效。

雅思阅读长难句如何化繁为简

英语的基本句式结构其实很简单:主谓宾和主系表。主谓宾是“谁-做-什么”,例如:比如“羊吃草”;“洁白可爱的小绵羊蹦蹦跳跳欢快活泼地在一望无垠的广阔草原上幸福愉快地吃着鲜嫩碧绿的青草”一样也是主谓宾,只不过多了一些修饰的词,句子的核心意思还是“羊吃草”。主系表是“谁-是-什么”,同主谓宾一样。在阅读中我们要很快的找出核心句子,不用每句话的意思都懂,但要知道这句话要表达的核心意思,即找到主谓宾或主系表的主体。

针对这两种句式结构抓主干,即把复杂的长难句转化成简单的句子。

主谓宾结构:寻找谓语动词

主系表结构:寻找系动词

也就是说,无论哪种句式,我们都要在心里默念寻找动词这个原则,以模糊匹配的方式来对应最有意义的那个动词,进而确认动词之前的主语和动词之后的宾语或表语。

一个句子之所以能够拉长,除了在一个简单句中加上许多修饰成分之外,还有可能是长出了枝干—也就是加了从句,或者是由连词和平衡结构把若干简单句合并在了一起。雅思长难句最频繁出现的情况包括如下几种:

定语从句:that, which(介词+which), who,…

状语从句:v+ing

寻找平衡结构:三大连词 and/or/but,

not only…but also…

not…but…

no more/longer/less …than

as…as

not so …as… . . .

还有一种特殊主系表值得单独说一说:

There be句型:寻找中心词

这个句型之所以特殊,是因为系动词和表语都已经以倒装的形式给出来了,欠缺的只是一个主语中心词而已,因此我们看到了there be开头的句子,一定先集中精力寻找到那个中心点。此外,这个句子是一些同学在雅思作文考场上易犯错误的地方。在时间紧迫的压力下,可能会有同学不自觉地受到了中文思维的影响,写出诸如“There are many people do something.”此类的句子,如果在模拟考试的时候发现自己曾经犯过这类笔误,建议大家在考场上给自己留出1、2分钟的检查时间来。检查方法也很简单,把there be两个词遮住,如果剩下的部分还能读出一个完整的句子来,则原本的句子必定是有问题的,可以迅速把there be这两个词擦掉。

除了be动词外,还有一些there be形式的变体:

There come/comes/came

There appear/appears/appeared

There emerge/emerges/emerged

There may/might be

There can/could be

There happen to be

There used to be

There is/are going to be

其中后两个句子中说到的情况一定是不存于当下的,在判断题(TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN)中容易被揪出来做文章,出题思路是细节不一致的类型,答案多为FALSE。

结合讲解的部分,有时间的同学可以练习一下快速理解以下这些来自剑桥考题当中的长难句,试着找出句子的主干:

1. There are examples of languages that have survived in written form and then been revived by later generations. (4A0201)

2. In New Zealand, classes for children have slowed the erosion of Maori and rekindled interest in the language. (4A0201)

3. The former US policy of running Indian reservations schools in English, for example, effectively put languages such as Navajo on the danger list. (4A0201)

4. It is not necessarily these small languages that are about to disappear. (4A0201)

5. However, it wasn’t until the discovery of the reaction principle, which was the key to space travel and so represents one of the great milestones in the history of scientific thought, that rocket technology was able to develop. (3A0101)

6. What makes a language endangered is not just the number of speakers, but how old they are. (4A0201)

7. In the Native American Navajo nation, which sprawls across four states in the American south-west, the native language is dying.(4A0201)

8. The problem of how health-care resources should be allocated or apportioned, so that they are distributed in both the most just and most efficient way, is not a new one. (4A0403)

9. Every health system in an economically developed society is faced with the need to decide (either formally or informally) what proportion of the community’s total resources should be spent on health-care; how resources are to be apportioned; what diseases and diabilities and which forms of treatment are to be given priority; which members of the community are to be given special consideration in respect of their health needs; and which forms of treatment are the most cost-effective. (4A0403)

10. People are not in a position to exercise personal liberty and to be self-determining if they are poverty-stricken, or deprived of basic education, or do not live within a context of law and order. (4A0403)

11. The spread of monoculture and use of high-yielding varieties of crops have been accompanied by the disappearance of old varieties of food plants which might have provided some insurance against pests or diseases in future. (3A0202)

12. Animals at play often use unique signs—tail-wagging in dogs, for example—to indicate that activity superficially resembling adult behaviour is not really in earnest. (4A0203)

13. A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioural psychology, Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a “leader” in a situation in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform. (5A0102)

14. How can we possily account for this vast discrepancy between what calm, rational, knowledgeable people predict in the comfort of their study and what pressured, flustered, but cooperative “teachers” actually do in the laboratory of real life? (5A0102)

15. A modern hard-core sociobiologist might even go so far as to claim that this aggressive instinct evolved as an advantageous trait, having been of survival value to our ancestors in their struggle against the hardships of life on the plains and in the caves, ultimately finding its way into our genetic make-up as a remnant of our ancient animal ways. (5A0102)

16. Breeding seasons in animals such as birds have evolved to occupy the part of the year in which offspring have the greatest chances of survival. (5A0403)

17. This is the process by which plants use energy from the sun to convert carbon from soil or water into organic material for growth.(5A0403)

18. Recently, however, it has been experiencing something of a renaissance, with renewed demand for original Bakelite objects in the collectors’ marketplace, and museums, societies and dedicated individuals once again appreciating the style and originality of this innovative material. (5A0201)

19. The fact that children’s ideas about science form part of a larger framework of ideas means that it is easier to change them. (4A0101)

20. These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organised, conceptual framework, making it and the component ideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible to modification. (4A0101)

21. Never before has the planet's linguistic diversity shrunk at such a pace. (4A0201)

22. Not only did it solve a problem that had intrigued man for ages, but, more importantly, it literally opened the door to exploration of the universe. (3A0101)

23. Life itself was a perpetual and punishing search for food: some families grew manioc and other starchy crops in small garden plots cleared from the forest, while other members of the tribe scoured the country for small game and promising fish holes. (3A0302)

24. There is clear-cut evidence that, for a period of at least one year, supervision which increases the direct pressure for productivity can achieve significant increases in production. However, such short-term increases are obtained only at a substantial and serious cost to the organisation. (3A0403)

25. Of growing interest is the way in which much of what we might see as diaposable is, elsewhere, recycled and reused. (3A0301)

26. These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organised, conceptual framework, making it and the component ideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible to modification. (4A0101)

27. The explosion in demand for accommodation in the inner suburbs of Melbourne suggests a recent change in many people’s preferences as to where they live.

28. Take the exercise theory. (4A0203)



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