托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析

想要看懂托福阅读长难句，考生除了拥有牢固的英语语法基础外，还需要积累大量的实际分析和应对长难句的经验?下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：打破贵族对选举的束缚

原句案例：

The first steps toward change were taken by Solon in 594 B.C., when he broke the aristocracy’s stranglehold on elected offices by establishing wealth rather than birth as the basis of office holding, abolishing the economic obligations of ordinary Athenians to the aristocracy, and allowing the assembly (of whichall citizens were equal members) to overrule the decisions of local courts in certain cases.

词汇讲解：

aristocracy /ˌærɪ'stɒkrəsɪ/ n. 贵族阶级，贵族

stranglehold /'stræŋɡlhəuld/ n. 扼制，压制，束缚

abolish /ə'bɒlɪʃ/ v. 废除，废止

obligation /ɒblɪ'geɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 义务，职责

assembly /ə'semblɪ/ n. 集合，集会;装配，安装

overrule /əʊvə'ruːl/ v. 否决，驳回

结构划分：

The first steps toward change were taken by Solon in 594 B.C., (when he broke the aristocracy’s stranglehold on elected offices) (by establishing wealth rather than birth as the basis of office holding, abolishing the economic obligations of ordinary Athenians to the aristocracy, and allowing the assembly (of which all citizens were equal members) to overrule the decisions of local courts in certain cases.)

深度分析：

这个句子的主干就是：

The first steps toward change were taken by Solon in 594 B.C.

修饰一：(when he broke the aristocracy’s stranglehold on elected offices) ，从句

中文：当他打破了贵族对于选举的束缚。

修饰二：(by establishing wealth rather than birth as the basis of office holding, abolishing the economic obligations of ordinary Athenians to the aristocracy, and allowing the assembly (of whichall citizens were equal members) to overrule the decisions of local courts incertain cases.)，介词短语

这个修饰成分比较复杂，介词后面接了三个并列的非谓语动词：

1：establishing wealth rather than birth as the basis of office holding

2：abolishing the economicobligations of ordinary Athenians to the aristocracy

3：allowing the assembly (of which all citizens were equal members) to overrule the decisions of local courts in certain cases.

其中第3个非谓语动词中还有一个从句：

of which all citizens were equal members

三个并列的非谓语动词中文如下：

1：确定财富而不是出身作为任职的基础

2：废除了普通雅典民众对贵族的经济义务

3：并且允许大会(所有公民都是平等的成员)在一些情况下否决当地法院的决定

中文：他通过确定财富而不是出身作为任职的基础、废除了普通雅典民众对贵族的经济义务并且允许大会(所有公民都是平等的成员)在一些情况下否决当地法院的决定

参考翻译：

改变的第一步是在公元前594年由Solon发起的，那时候他通过确定财富而不是出身作为任职的基础、废除了普通雅典民众对贵族的经济义务并且允许大会(所有公民都是平等的成员)在一些情况下否决当地法院的决定，打破了贵族对于选举的束缚。

托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：加强雅典中央政府管理

原句案例：

The first steps toward change were taken by Solon in 594 B.C., when he broke the aristocracy’s stranglehold on elected offices by establishing wealth rather than birth as the basis of office holding, abolishing the economic obligations of ordinary Athenians to the aristocracy, and allowing the assembly (of whichall citizens were equal members) to overrule the decisions of local courts in certain cases.

词汇讲解：

aristocracy /ˌærɪ'stɒkrəsɪ/ n. 贵族阶级，贵族

stranglehold /'stræŋɡlhəuld/ n. 扼制，压制，束缚

abolish /ə'bɒlɪʃ/ v. 废除，废止

obligation /ɒblɪ'geɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 义务，职责

assembly /ə'semblɪ/ n. 集合，集会;装配，安装

overrule /əʊvə'ruːl/ v. 否决，驳回

结构划分：

The first steps toward change were taken by Solon in 594 B.C., (when he broke the aristocracy’s stranglehold on elected offices) (by establishing wealth rather than birth as the basis of office holding, abolishing the economic obligations of ordinary Athenians to the aristocracy, and allowing the assembly (of which all citizens were equal members) to overrule the decisions of local courts in certain cases.)

深度分析：

这个句子的主干就是：

The first steps toward change were taken by Solon in 594 B.C.

修饰一：(when he broke the aristocracy’s stranglehold on elected offices) ，从句

中文：当他打破了贵族对于选举的束缚。

修饰二：(by establishing wealth rather than birth as the basis of office holding, abolishing the economic obligations of ordinary Athenians to the aristocracy, and allowing the assembly (of whichall citizens were equal members) to overrule the decisions of local courts incertain cases.)，介词短语

这个修饰成分比较复杂，介词后面接了三个并列的非谓语动词：

1：establishing wealth rather than birth as the basis of office holding

2：abolishing the economicobligations of ordinary Athenians to the aristocracy

3：allowing the assembly (of which all citizens were equal members) to overrule the decisions of local courts in certain cases.

其中第3个非谓语动词中还有一个从句：

of which all citizens were equal members

三个并列的非谓语动词中文如下：

1：确定财富而不是出身作为任职的基础

2：废除了普通雅典民众对贵族的经济义务

3：并且允许大会(所有公民都是平等的成员)在一些情况下否决当地法院的决定

中文：他通过确定财富而不是出身作为任职的基础、废除了普通雅典民众对贵族的经济义务并且允许大会(所有公民都是平等的成员)在一些情况下否决当地法院的决定

参考翻译：

改变的第一步是在公元前594年由Solon发起的，那时候他通过确定财富而不是出身作为任职的基础、废除了普通雅典民众对贵族的经济义务并且允许大会(所有公民都是平等的成员)在一些情况下否决当地法院的决定，打破了贵族对于选举的束缚。

托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：政治家对创造民主的贡献

原句案例：

Cleisthenes' principal contribution to the creation of democracy at Athens was to complete the long process of weakening family and clan structures, especially among the aristocrats, and to set in their place locality-based corporations called demes, which became the point of entry for all civic and most religious life in Athens.

词汇讲解：

democracy /dɪ'mɒkrəsɪ/ n. 民主，民主政治，民主制度

clan /klæn/ n. 宗族，家族;集团，帮会

aristocrat /'ærɪstəkræt/ n. 贵族

中文：这成为了雅典所有公民和大多数宗教生活的入口点。

civic /'sɪvɪk/ adj. 城市的;市民的，公民的

rule n. 统治，管理

结构划分：

Cleisthenes' principal contribution (to the creation of democracy at Athens) was (to complete the long process of weakening family and clan structures), (especially among the aristocrats), and (to set in their place locality-based corporations called demes), (which became the point of entry for all civic and most religious life in Athens.)

深度分析：

这个句子的结构是：

Cleisthenes' principal contribution was 非谓语 and 非谓语

第一个非谓语：(to complete the long process of weakening family and clan structures)

第二个非谓语：(to set in their place locality-based corporations called demes)

修饰一：(to the creation of democracy at Athens)，介词短语

中文：在雅典创造民主

修饰二：(to complete the long process of weakening family and clan structures) ，非谓语动词

中文：完成了减弱家族和宗族结构的长期过程

修饰三：(especially among the aristocrats) ，介词短语

中文：尤其是在贵族间

修饰四：(to set in their place locality-based corporations called demes) ，非谓语动词

中文：在他们所在地方设置基于地点的称之为demes团体

修饰五：(which became the point of entry for all civic and most religious life in Athens. ) ，

参考翻译：

Cleisthenes对于创造雅典民主的主要贡献是他完成了减弱家族和宗族结构(尤其是贵族家族和宗族结构)的长期的过程，并且在他们所在地方设置基于地点的称之为demes团体，这成为了雅典所有公民和大多数宗教生活的入口点。

托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：热带包含更大土地面积

托福阅读100个长难句实例分析

原句案例：

The tropics contain a larger surface area of land than higher latitudes——a fact that is not always evident when we examine commonly used projections of Earth's curved surface, since this tends to exaggerate the areas of land in the higher latitudes——and some biogeographers regard the differences in diversity as a reflection of this effect.

词汇讲解：

tropics n. 热带

projection n. 发射，投射;

exaggerate /ɪg'zædʒəreɪt/ v. 夸张，夸大

结构划分：

The tropics contain a larger surface area of land than higherlatitudes——(a fact) (that is not always evident) (when we examine commonly used projections of Earth's curved surface), (since this tends to exaggerate the areas of land in the higher latitudes)——and some biogeographers regard the differences in diversity as a reflection of this effect.

深度分析：

这个句子的主干就是一个并列结构，中间被一个破折号隔开了。

The tropics contain a larger surface area of land than higher latitudes and some biogeographers regard the differences in diversity as a reflection of this effect.

修饰一：(a fact) ，同位语

中文：一个事实

修饰二：(that is not always evident) ，从句

中文：不总是那么明显

修饰三：(when we examine commonly used projections of Earth's curved surface) ，从句

中文：当我们在仔细观察通常所用的地球曲面投影时

修饰四：(since this tends to exaggerate the areas of land in the higher latitudes) ，从句

中文：因为这往往夸大了高纬度的土地面积

参考翻译：

热带比高纬度包含更大的的土地面积——当我们在仔细观察通常所用的地球曲面投影时，这一事实并不总是显而易见的，因为这往往夸大了高纬度的土地面积——并且一些生物地理学家认为多样性的差异反映了这一影响。

托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：调节温度的主要行为

原句案例：

The principal elements in behavioral thermoregulation are basking (heliothermy),heat exchange with substrates such as rock or earth (thigmothermy)，and diurnal and annual avoidance behaviors,which include moving to shelter during the day for cooling and hibernating or estivating (reducing activity during cold or hot weather, respectively).

词汇讲解：

bask /bɑːsk/ v. 坐着或躺着取暖

substrate /'sʌbstreɪt/ n. 底物，基片，基质;被(酶)作用物

diurnal /daɪ'ɜːn(ə)l/ adj. 白天的，白昼的;每日的

hibernate /'haɪbəneɪt/ v. 冬眠

estivate /'iːstɪveɪt/ v. (动物)夏眠

respectively adv. 各自地

结构划分：

The principal elements (in behavioral thermoregulation) are basking (heliothermy), heat exchange (with substrates such as rock or earth (thigmothermy) )，and diurnal and annual avoidance behaviors, (which include moving to shelterduring the day for cooling and hibernating or estivating) (reducing activity during cold or hot weather, respectively)

深度分析：

修饰一：(in behavioral thermoregulation) ，介词短语

中文：行为温度调节

修饰二：(with substrates such as rock or earth (thigmothermy) ) ，介词短语

中文：与基质如岩石或土壤进行热交换(接触热源)

修饰三：(which include moving to shelter during the day for cooling and hibernating or estivating) ，从句

中文：这包括转移到遮蔽处去乘凉、冬眠或夏眠

修饰四：(reducing activity during cold or hot weather, respectively) ，非谓语动词

中文：分别在寒冷或炎热的天气减少活动

参考翻译：

行为温度调节主要的要素有：晒太阳(日光浴)，与基质如岩石或土壤进行热交换(接触热源)，以及每天或每年的躲避行为，这包括转移到遮蔽处去乘凉、冬眠或夏眠(分别在寒冷或炎热的天气减少活动)。