高分考生GRE阅读笔记
高分考生GRE阅读笔记 5大精华备考要点汇总讲解,下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
高分考生GRE阅读笔记 5大精华备考要点汇总讲解
GRE阅读笔记整理：阅读整体原则
1. 先读文章后做题，阅读速度一定要快，勇敢的省略。记住：看题时间要比看文时间长;
2. 两遍法，第一遍通读，重点看文章的结构、focus、作者态度,第二遍在解题时定位阅读;
3. 解任何题目时都要回到原文中定位，严格把握文字对应法，每个正确答案都必须找到依据，绝对不可凭记忆或知识背景做题;
4. 不要精读，不必了解文章的意思，速度一定要快，一定要作笔记，时间不够看首段和各段首句;
5. 每天都练《杨鹏100难句》。
GRE阅读笔记整理：阅读文章重点
1. 重在结构,关注focus,关注作者对focus的态度、评价,缺陷及需要改进的地方;
2. 重点读首段和各段首句,注意起承转合,看不懂的继续往下看,只关心是顺接还是转折关系;
GRE阅读笔记整理：哪些地方需要作标记
做阅读的时候要有随手做标记的习惯，尤其是对于一些比较明显会成为出题点的细节内容，比如新观点、TS、判断句、虚拟语气、强对比、强转折、最高级、唯一性、比较级、列举,大写名词、时间,地点,人名等,看到就可以标记一下，记住位置即可，之后如果在题目中碰到可以迅速的回来找到原文进行解答。
GRE阅读笔记整理：阅读提速技巧
由于GRE阅读文章内容较多，所以阅读提速非常重要，关键就是个“快”字。能不读则不读，能少读则少读，对于长文章一定要只看框架，大胆的略读粗读，做笔记,读题,精确定位。
GRE阅读笔记整理：需要特别注意的内容
1. 强对比、强转折、双重否定
2. 比较级、最高级、唯一性、“所有”, only, in particular
3. 大写名词、斜体字做好标记
4. 有关时间的句子,弄清楚前后关系
5. 反复出现的关键词,弄清其含义
6. 虚拟、让步语气
7. 转折、比较弄清比较双方是谁
8. 文章脉络,作者的观点和倾向,评价最重要
以上就是关于GRE阅读笔记整理的一些心得和经验分享，希望大家也能通过这些内容总结出自己的阅读笔记，祝大家都能在GRE考试中取得优异成绩。
GRE阅读题目解析:全新世晚期
P42
Human impacts on the natural environment during the later part of the Holocene (beginning about 4,000 years ago) complicate investigations into environmental change during that period because the signals produced by human-and climate-induced change are sometimes difficult to separate. For example, in the later Holocene, one indicator of increased aridity due to climate change is an increase in pollen from grasses, as forest vegetation gives way to grassland. Such a change in vegetation could alternatively be attributed to human impact in the form of agricultural development. Examples of such human impact from 4,000 years ago would be small-scale, however, since the broad ecosystem changes brought about by the widespread adoption of agricultural technologies occurred later.
1. Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted sentence in the context of the passage as a whole?
A. It provides an example of the kind of problems that often complicate investigations into environmental change.
B. It call into question the reliability of the established dates for later Holocene agricultural development.
C. It describes the nature of localized agricultural developments during the later Holocene.
D. It outlines a hypothesis that draws on evidence discussed earlier in the passage.
E. It limits the scope of a particular complication mentioned earlier in the passage.
2. According to the passage, which of the following is true regarding environmental changes 4,000 years ago?
A. No localized increases in grass pollen were caused by agricultural development.
B. Increases in grass pollen were at least sometimes a reflection of an increase in aridity.
C. Wholesale ecosystem changes probably resulted from agricultural development.
D. Any small-scale changes occurring then would not be detectable now.
E. Environmental change helped induce the adoption of agricultural technologies.
1
Human impacts on the natural environment during the later part of the Holocene (beginning about 4,000 years ago) complicate investigations into environmental change during that period because the signals produced by human- and climate-induced change are sometimes difficult to separate.
全新世晚期(开始于约 4000 年前)人类对自然环境的影响，让关于当时环境改变的研究变得复杂，因为人类引起的改变和气候引起的改变，有时难以区分。
(
全新世 [Holocene epoch]
旧称最新世(Recent epoch)
地球地质史的最后阶段，时间从10,000年前到现在。是构成第四纪的两个世中年代较晚的一个，在更新世最后一个冰期之后，特点是气候条件比较温暖。这时期，人类技术有所精进，逐渐导向现代文明水平。
(大英袖珍百科)
)
2
For example, in the later Holocene, one indicator of increased aridity due to climate change is an increase in pollen from grasses, as forest vegetation gives way to grassland.
例如，全新世晚期，因气候改变而导致干旱加剧的一种指标，是禾本植物的划分增多，因为 森林植被 被草原取代。
3
Such a change in vegetation could alternatively be attributed to human impact in the form of agricultural development.
这样一种植被的改变，也可以被另外地解释为人类农业的发展的后果。
4
Examples of such human impact from 4,000 years ago would be small-scale, however, since the broad ecosystem changes brought about by the widespread adoption of agricultural technologies occurred later.
4000 年前，这类人类影响的例子可能是小规模的，然而，因农业技术的广泛传播而产生的大范围生态系统改变，随后就发生了。
(现在来看，since 句是个病句，要么把 since 划掉，否则只能认为材料截取原文时漏掉了一些内容，使 since 作为一个连词，引导了一个无意义的分句)
1. Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted sentence in the context of the passage as a whole?
A. It provides an example of the kind of problems that often complicate investigations into environmental change.
B. It call into question the reliability of the established dates for later Holocene agricultural development.
C. It describes the nature of localized agricultural developments during the later Holocene.
D. It outlines a hypothesis that draws on evidence discussed earlier in the passage.
E. It limits the scope of a particular complication mentioned earlier in the passage.
选 E
理一下文章逻辑：
全新世后期，约 4000 年前开始，人们在研究环境改变的课题时，遇到了问题，环境改变可能是因为人类的原因，也可能是因为气候的原因，二者难以区分，或算出明确的比例。比如禾本植物的花粉增多，意味着干旱，但科学家们无法确认，是因为气候干旱，树枯死了草开始生长，还是人类的农业活动伐木垦田导致的。所谓 complication 指的就是这种说不清。
高亮句说，开始人类活动是小规模的，后来蔓延开来。可以认为是限定了 complication 程度，小规模意味着比较容易分辨，还勉强说得清，考察其他没有人类影响的地区就好，但后来人类活动范围变大了，就说不清了。
所以选 E。
2. According to the passage, which of the following is true regarding environmental changes 4,000 years ago?
A. No localized increases in grass pollen were caused by agricultural development.
B. Increases in grass pollen were at least sometimes a reflection of an increase in aridity.
C. Wholesale ecosystem changes probably resulted from agricultural development.
D. Any small-scale changes occurring then would not be detectable now.
E. Environmental change helped induce the adoption of agricultural technologies.
选 B
至少有时禾本植物花粉变多反映了干旱加剧。
A 错。如果跟农业发展一点关系都没有，根本不可能 difficult to seprate 。
C 错。也可能有气候因素。
D 错。未知信息。
E 错。因果关系说反了，是农业推广加速了环境改变，人种地不会意识到最近一千年越来越干旱了，终于适合种地了，古人不可能有这种意识。
GRE阅读题目解析:蚂蚁用真菌创造菜园
P39
Some attine ants carry vegetation into their nests and add fungal material, thereby creating “gardens” in which fungal food for the ants grow. Because the ants play the behaviorally active role, it seems compelling to say that they cultivate and control the passive fungi. But even if that is true, the symbiotic association has existed for so long that cultivar traits may have evolved in the fungi that benefit the fungi but not necessarily the ants. Furthermore, many microorganisms have developed sophisticated mechanisms to manipulate the physiology and behavior of their symbiotic animals. It is not implausible, therefore, that the ants’ fungi have evolved chemical and physiological schemes that alter ant behavior to serve the fungus’ reproductive interests, possibly even compromising the reproductive interests for the ant hosts.
1. The passage points out which of the following in order to explain the appeal of the notion that some attine ants cultivate and control fungus?
A. The ants play the behaviorally active roles in the symbiotic relationship.
B. The ants purposefully carry vegetation into their nests for their own consumption.
C. Fungus is physiologically a passive substance.
D. Other organisms are able to manipulate their symbiotic partners.
E. The chemical and physiological properties of the fungus are subject to ant influence.
2. In the context in which it appears, the word “manipulate” most nearly means
A. influence
B. oversee
C. coerce
D. deceive
E. outmaneuver
P39
1
Some attine ants carry vegetation into their nests and add fungal material, thereby creating “gardens” in which fungal food for the ants grow.
一些 A 蚁把植物带回巢穴，再加入真菌材料，于是创造出一个生产真菌的 “ 菜园 ” 供养蚁群。
(attine ants 没查到比较准确的译法，也许可以译作 “ 真菌培育蚁 ”，也许指的就是 “ 切叶蚁 ”，待定。)
2
Because the ants play the behaviorally active role, it seems compelling to say that they cultivate and control the passive fungi.
因为蚁的是这一行为的主动方，说它们种植和控制被动的真菌似乎比较有说服力。
3
But even if that is true, the symbiotic association has existed for so long that cultivar traits may have evolved in the fungi that benefit the fungi but not necessarily the ants.
但即便这是真的，这种共生关系也存在了如此久，以至于被栽种的真菌可能已经进化出一些对自己有利，对蚁未必有利的遗传特征。
(cultivar 栽种品种
trait 遗传特征)
4
Furthermore, many microorganisms have developed sophisticated mechanisms to manipulate the physiology and behavior of their symbiotic animals.
此外，许多微生物都发展出复杂的机制，操纵与之共生的动物的生理机能和行为。
5
It is not implausible, therefore, that the ants’ fungi have evolved chemical and physiological schemes that alter ant behavior to serve the fungus’ reproductive interests, possibly even compromising the reproductive interests for the ant hosts.
因此，有可能蚁栽种的真菌，已经进化出化学和生理策略，改变蚁的行为，为真菌的生殖利益服务，甚至可能危害到了宿主蚁的生殖利益。
1. The passage points out which of the following in order to explain the appeal of the notion that some attine ants cultivate and control fungus?
A. The ants play the behaviorally active roles in the symbiotic relationship.
B. The ants purposefully carry vegetation into their nests for their own consumption.
C. Fungus is physiologically a passive substance.
D. Other organisms are able to manipulate their symbiotic partners.
E. The chemical and physiological properties of the fungus are subject to ant influence.
选 A
文章开始提出了一种现象，蚂蚁和蘑菇共生。
关于这一现象，有两种解释，一种是蚂蚁种蘑菇;一种是蘑菇控制蚂蚁。
题目问我们第一种解释的根据，定位句 2，Because the ants play the behaviorally active role，选 A 。
2. In the context in which it appears, the word “manipulate” most nearly means
A. influence
B. oversee
C. coerce
D. deceive
E. outmaneuver
选 A
influence 影响，支配
oversee 监督，监视
coerce 强制，逼迫
deceive 欺骗，误导
outmaneuver 以计谋、智力取胜(对手)
GRE阅读题目解析:云对地球暖化效应的作用
P40
As of late 1980s, neither theorists nor large-scale computer climate models could accurately predict whether cloud systems would help or hurt a warming globe. Some studies suggested that a four percent increase in stratocumulus clouds over the ocean could compensate for a doubling in atmospheric carbon dioxide, preventing a potentially disastrous planet-wide temperature increase. On the other hand, an increase in cirrus clouds could increase global warming.
That clouds represented the weakest element in climate models was illustrated by a study of fourteen such models. Comparing climate forecasts for a world with double the current amount of carbon dioxide, researchers found that the models agreed quite well if clouds were not included. But when clouds were incorporated, a wide range of forecasts was produced. With such discrepancies plaguing the models, scientists could not easily predict how quickly the world’s climate would change, nor could they tell which regions would face dustier droughts or deadlier monsoons.
1. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with
A. confirming a theory
B. supporting a statement
C. presenting new information
D. predicting future discoveries
E. comparing points of view
2. It can be inferred that one reason the fourteen models described in the passage failed to agree was that
A. they failed to incorporate the most up-to-date information about the effect of clouds on climate
B. they were based on faulty information about factors other than clouds that affect climate
C. they were based on different assumptions about the overall effects of clouds on climate
D. their originators disagreed about the kinds of forecasts the models should provide
E. their originators disagreed about the factors other than clouds that should be included in the models
3. The information in the passage suggests that scientists would have to answer which of the following questions in order to predict the effect of clouds on the warming of the globe?
A. What kinds of cloud systems will form over the Earth?
B. How can cloud systems be encouraged to form over the ocean?
C. What are the causes of the projected planetwide temperature increase?
D. What proportion of cloud systems are currently composed of cirrus clouds?
E. What proportion of the clouds in the atmosphere form over land masses?
P40
1
As of late 1980s, neither theorists nor large-scale computer climate models could accurately predict whether cloud systems would help or hurt a warming globe.
1980 年代末，无论气象理论学家还是大规模计算机气象模型都无法精确预测，云对地球暖化效应发挥积极或消极作用。
2
Some studies suggested that a four percent increase in stratocumulus clouds over the ocean could compensate for a doubling in atmospheric carbon dioxide, preventing a potentially disastrous planet-wide temperature increase.
有些研究认为，海上的层积云增加 4%，可以抵消大气中二氧化碳翻倍的影响，进而阻止全球气温上升带来的潜在危害。
3
On the other hand, an increase in cirrus clouds could increase global warming.
另一方面，卷云变多则可能加剧暖化。
4
That clouds represented the weakest element in climate models was illustrated by a study of fourteen such models.
十四种模型算法显示，云是气象模型中呈现得最不成功的因素。
5
Comparing climate forecasts for a world with double the current amount of carbon dioxide, researchers found that the models agreed quite well if clouds were not included.
假如把现在的大气二氧化碳水平加倍，比较预报结果，研究者们发现，如果不考虑云的因素，各种模型预报结果相当接近。
6
But when clouds were incorporated, a wide range of forecasts was produced.
但如果考虑云，预报结果就变得大相径庭。
7
With such discrepancies plaguing the models, scientists could not easily predict how quickly the world’s climate would change, nor could they tell which regions would face dustier droughts or deadlier monsoons.
这种差异困扰着模拟结果，科学家们无法轻易预测世界气候变化的速度，也不知道那些地区面临更严重的干旱或更致命的雨季。
1. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with
A. confirming a theory
B. supporting a statement
C. presenting new information
D. predicting future discoveries
E. comparing points of view
选 B
statement 即句 1 内容，科学家和大型计算机都搞不定云在气候中发挥的作用。
2. It can be inferred that one reason the fourteen models described in the passage failed to agree was that
A. they failed to incorporate the most up-to-date information about the effect of clouds on climate
B. they were based on faulty information about factors other than clouds that affect climate
C. they were based on different assumptions about the overall effects of clouds on climate
D. their originators disagreed about the kinds of forecasts the models should provide
E. their originators disagreed about the factors other than clouds that should be included in the models
选 C
综合句 5 - 6：
Comparing climate forecasts for a world with double the current amount of carbon dioxide, researchers found that the models agreed quite well if clouds were not included. But when clouds were incorporated, a wide range of forecasts was produced.
不考虑云的因素，预测结果差不多 agreed quite well，加入云的因素，预测结果变得 wide range 。所以我们可以 infer，问题出在云。
3. The information in the passage suggests that scientists would have to answer which of the following questions in order to predict the effect of clouds on the warming of the globe?
A. What kinds of cloud systems will form over the Earth?
B. How can cloud systems be encouraged to form over the ocean?
C. What are the causes of the projected planetwide temperature increase?
D. What proportion of cloud systems are currently composed of cirrus clouds?
E. What proportion of the clouds in the atmosphere form over land masses?
选 A
题干中出现了 in / of / from / about the passage，答案都在文章里找。
文中出现了两种云。
stratocumulus clouds(句 2)，抵消二氧化碳，阻止变暖;
cirrus clouds(句 3)加剧变暖。
想知道云对气候的影响，要先搞清楚会产生哪种云(或比例多少)，才能进一步估计它们发挥的作用。
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