托福语法指导汇总

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托福语法指导-并列连词及真题要点解析

有关并列连词的命题在TOEEL考试中占有极重要的地位。并列连接词不仅自身是命题的焦点，它还涉及到一些其它的题型，如平行结构，词类、及一致等TOEEL考试要点。一般说来，有关并列连词的题目并不深涩，因为连接词无论在语意上还是结构功能上都并非孤立使用。而且，细察并列连词的题目，还可寻见其中的命题规律并列连词常考题型及解题要点

1. 并列连词 and but or混淆来源：考试大

解题要点 这类题型主要分面布在written Expression (16-40题中) 当A、B、C、D四项选择中出现单独的and或but 或or 时，它通常就是此题的焦点，应根据句意判断此连词是否用错。

全真例题要分析来源：考试大

(1) Harvesting of grains is affected by annual changes in temperature or in the amount of moisture, but both. (90.1)

[答案] D 根据句意，这里并无转折关系。因此but 应改为or。

(2) Porcelain is not a single clay, and a compound of kaolin. Ball clay, feldspar. And silica. (91.1)

[答案] C 此句表达的是一个取舍关系，and应改为but. “not…but”是表达转折，到舍含义的固定并列连词搭配。

3. The structure or behavior of many protozoans are amazingly comples for single-celled artimals.

[答案] A 根据句中复数谓语动词are 来判断，连词or是错误，它表述的概含是两项之一，应用单数第三人称动词。固而or应改为and。

(4) Cayenne popper comes from the seedpot of the pepper plant which is dried or then ground.

[答案] D 根据提示词then，我们可以判断dried 和ground (grind 的过去分词，碾碎)是顺序先后的两个动作，并非取舍选择关系。固此or应改为and。来源：考试大

2. 并列连接词词组

both…and as…as

not only …but also not so…as来源：考试大

either…or the same…as

neither…nor 比较级(more-re) …than

so…that to…to常与so…that 来源：考试大

whether…or 混淆搭配

解题要点;上述并列连词词组和短语必须搭配使用，不能承意更换或省略。考题中如出现上述词组的任何一部分，则注意另一部分是否正确。

全真例题分析来源：考试大

(1) In meteorology. Either formation of clouds and the oreciporddidon of dew rain and snow are known as condensation (93.1)

[答案] A either改为both，组成both…and词组来源：考试大

(2) The survival of a forest depends not only on amount of annual rainfall it receives. And also on the seasonal distribution of the rain.

[答案] C and改为but，组成not only…but also 词组

(3) Lucretia Mott. influence was too significant that she has been credited by some authorities as the originator of feminism in the United State. (91.1)

[答案] A too改为so,组成so…that结构。来源：考试大

(4) The gorilla, not as curious than the chimpanzee, shows more persistence and memory retention in solving a problem. (90.5)

[答案] B than改为as， 组成not as…as 结构。

(5) Some linguious believe that the earliest languages were no less complex as modern languages (94.5)

[答案] D as 改为than,组成“比较级…than”的句型。来源：考试大

(6) Whether as statesman, scientist, and philosopher, Benjamin Franklin was destined to gain lasting honor throughout much of the world. (92.5)

[答案] A and改为or，组成whether…or的结构。来源：考试大

(7) Meadowlarks are about the same size than robins, they have heavier bodies, shorter tails, and longer bills. (89.5)

[答案] B than改为as，组成the same…as的结构。来源：考试大

(8) Nature not only gave the Middle Atlantic fine harbors, however endowed it with a first-class system of inland waterways. (91.1)

[答案] C however 改为but also,组成not only…but also结构。

托福语法指导-从属连词及真题要点解析

复合句是TOEEL考题的基本句子结构，因而连接主句和从句的连接词就成为重要的命题焦点。TOEEL常考的从属连词分三类：(1)关系代词( that, which ,what who. Whose) (2) 关系副词(where when why how) (3) 状语从句连接词 (where, when, if, though, because…) 有关从属连词的试题大部分集中在Structure (1-15题中) 掌握命题规律，这类题目并不复杂。从属连词常考题型及解题要点

1. 主句与从句之间必须有从属连词来源：考试大

全真例题分析

(1)The spiral threads of a spider. web have a sticky substance on them ------- insects.

(A) traps

(B) trap its来源：考试大

(C) which traps

(D) which it traps (92.1)

[答案] C 定语从句关系代词which引导从句，且在从句中作主语。

(2)Angiosperms inhabit relatively diverse environments and may be found ------- higher plants can survive.

(A) there来源：考试大

(B) wherever

(C) somewhere

(D) then (92.5)

[答案] B 空格前后为两个完整的句子，这里应填入连接词联系主从两句。四个选择只有wherever是连词，引导地点状语从句。

(3)Duke Wellington was a composer. Conductor, and pianist ------ ranked as one of the greatest of all jazz figures.

(A) him

(B) although来源：考试大

(C) or

(D) who (92.10)

[答案] D 关系代词who引导定语从句，并作从句的主语。

(4)-------. Some of the Earth. interior heat escapes to the surface.

(A) A volcano erupts

(B) A volcano whether erupts

(C) A volcano erupts it

(D) If a volcano erupts (93.5)

[答案] D 从属连词引导条件状语从句。来源：考试大

2. 关系代词 who与which混淆错用来源：考试大

解题要点：在written Expression (16-40题)中的四个选择答案中出现who 或者which，应确认它所指代的是人还是物。

全直例题分析来源：考试大

(1)Fossil remains indicate that squidlike creatures called belemnites swam in the sea who covered the North American continent 70 million years ago. (94.5)

[答案] C 关系代词who指代的是sea，因此应用指物的which或that。

(2)Vaccines for some rare diseases are given only to persons which risk exposure to the disease. (93.1)

[答案] B 关系代词which指代前面的persons，应改为人称关系代词who。

(3)Anne Elizabeth McDowell is best remembered for a weekly journal, the Woman. Advocate, who she launched in January 1855. (91.8)

[答案] D 关系代词who指代杂志the woman. Advocate,故应改为which。

(4) The attorney general of the United States advises the President on any questions of law who may arise in the conduct of administrative affairs. (90.10)

[答案] B 关系代词who指代前文的questions of law，故应改为which或that。

3. 介词+关系代词which结构来源：考试大

解题要点 介词+which作用相当于一个关系副词，在从句作状语。可表示时间(=when) ,地点(= where) ，原因(=why)等等。

全真例题分析来源：考试大

(1) In reorganizing the curriculum of Mt. Holyoke College in the late 1800. Elizabeth Mead laid the foundation ------- the modern college rests.

(A) is which

(B) on which来源：考试大

(C) which is on

(D) on it (91.1)

[答案] B on which 指代on the foundation ，作用相当于一个表示地点的关系副词。

(2) A circuit may be defined as a closed path ------- electricity can How.

(A) through it

(B) through which

(C) that is through来源：考试大

(D) there goes through (93.3)

[答案] B through which 指代through the circuit, 作用相当于一个关系副词，而介词through才能准确地表达句子的含义。

(3) The extent of the harmful effect of locoweeds on animals depends on the soil ------- the plants grow.

(A) which

(B) which in来源：考试大

(C) in which

(D) in (90.5)

[答案] C in which = where

(4) Adhesives, such as glue, tape and gum, vary with the purpose ------- intended.

(A) they were for

(B) for they were来源：考试大

(C) which were they

(D) for which they were (93.10)

[答案] D for which指代for the purpose。

托福语法指导-动词不定式及动名词要点解析

动词不定式和动名词在TOEEL测试中不算活跃的考题，但出题频率比较稳定，即不频繁，亦无间断。命题焦占主要集中在动词不定式和动名词的基本功能及正确形式，即(1)不定式to后面接原形动词，(2)动名词具有动词和名词两重功能，介词后面的动词必须以动名词形式出现。不定式和动名词常考题型

1. 不定型工to后面接原形动词来源：考试大

全真例题分析

(1) Astronauts circling the Earth may get to seen sixteen sunrises and sixteen sunsets every day. (93.8)

[答案] C 动词不定型式的标志to后面应接动词原形see。来源：考试大

(2) Using their bills as needles, tailorbirds sew large leaves together with plant fiber to forming their nests. (90.10)

[答案] D to forming应改为to form正确的不定式形式。

(3) The poetry of e.e cummings illustrates the way in which some poets bend graminastical rules as they strive to expression their insights. (91.10)

[答案] D动词不定式to后面只能接原形动词，不能接名词。来源：考试大

(4) The dromedary camel is raised especially to racing. (91.1)

[答案] D这是一个非常简单的动词不定式错误形式的考题。Recing应改为race,与to组成不定式。

2. 动词不定式作目的状语来源：考试大

解题要点 不定式结构在句中可以作多种成分，目的状语则是TOEEL常考到的形式。动词不定型式作目的状语的命题主要分布在structure (1-15题)中。

全真例题分析来源：考试大

(1) A fuel is a substance used ------- light, heat .or energy .

(A) generating

(B) generates来源：考试大

(C) to generate

(D) it is generating

[答案] C 根据句意及结构，此句固选择动词不定式作目的状语。

(2) ------ stereophonic phonograph records, two recordings are made of the same musical performance.

(A) Creates来源：考试大

(B) Created

(C) The creating of

(D) To create (92.10)来源：考试大

[答案] D 这是典型的不定式作目的状语的句子。目的状语放在句首是表示强调。

(3) ------- time and labor, cartoonists generally draw the hands of their characters with only three fingers and a thumb.

(A) Saved来源：考试大

(B) Saves

(C) To save

(D) The saving (91.5)

[答案] C 此句与上面例题结构相同。不定式作目的状语，且放在句首表示强调。

3. 动名词的正确用法来源：考试大

解题要点 有关名词的考题并不很多，但有一个常出现的题型;介词后面的动词一定要用动名词形式，作介词的宾语。

全真例题分析来源：考试大

(1) Microwave cooking can be accureately described as the first absolutely new method of prepare food since the discovery of fire (94.1)

[答案] C 介词of后面应接动名词形式，即of preparing。来源：考试大

(2) Most crickets have two pairs of fally developed wings, and mascular hind legs for iump. (94.1)

[答案] D 动名原形jamp位于介词for后面，故应改为动句词jamping。

(3) Because it is a healthful way to exercise derobic dancing is considered an excellent method for release tension. (93.1)

[答案] D 动名词原形release位于介词for后面，故应改为动名词releasing。

(4) The Cubist movement in art was reaction against traditional methods of portray reality. (90.5)

[答案] C 动词原形portray应改为动名词portraying即作前面介词of的宾语，自身又带宾语reality。

托福语法指导-平行结构及真题要点解析

1. 含并列连词and but or的平行结构来源：考试大

解题要点 当上述并列连词连接两项或多项对等成分时，这些成分必须同词性、同形式。特别注意出现三项以上(含三项)的并列成分，多是考试焦点。

全真例题分析来源：考试大

(1) Quartz may be transparency, translucent, or opaque, and it may be colorless or colored (91.5)

[答案] A 并列连词or连接三项，其中两项为形容词translucent与opaque，故(A)应用形容词transparent与之并列。

(2) At the age of 94. Composer, conductor. Arranger. And acting Eva Jessye led her choral group in the first production of the opera porgy and Bess, written in 1935. (92.1)

[答案] A 并列连词and连接四项表示身份职业的名词，故(A)动名词应改为actress。

(3) Atrophy is a decrease in size of a cell, organ, tissues, or other part of the body such as (91.10)

[答案] C 并列连词or连接四项名词结构，其中cell 和organ皆为单数形式，故(C)亦应改为单数tissue。

(4) Direct mail advertising serves to acquaint customers with Products, alert them to new opportunities, and paving the way for other sales activities (93.1)

[答案] C 并列连词and连接三项动宾结构，前两项均为动词原形，故(C)动名词亦应改为原形动词pave.

(5) A majority of the reports received from people claiming to have seen the lengendaiy Loch Ness monster have proven to be mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked. (93.10)

[答案] D 并列连词or连接三项成分。前两项均为名词，故(D)不应出现句子结构，而应改为名词tricks与前面的mistakes和misconceptions平行。

(6) The tongue is capable of many motions and configurations and plays vital rode in chewing, swallowed and speaking.

[答案] D 并列连词and连接三个单词。其中两项均为动名词，故(D)亦应改为动名词swallowing。

来源：考试大

2. 比较级句型要求对比双方结构对等，比较范围相当。来源：考试大

全真列题分析来源：考试大

(1) Probably no man had more effcet on the daily lives of most people in the United States ------- Henry Ford. A pioneer in automobile production.

(A) as was

(B) than was

(C) than did

(D) as did (92.8)

[答案] C 比较句型 more…than 要求比较的双方结构相等。前项是实义动词的过去时形式had，故选(C)than did与之平行。

(2) The state of Maine generally has cooler temperatures than -------

(A) there are most other states

(B) most other states which have

(C) most other states have

(D) having most other states (93.10)

[答案] C 这是标准的more…than比较句型。只有(C)的句子结构与相对比的前一项完全一致。

(3) The annual worth of Utah. manufacturing is greater than-------

(A) that of its mining and farming combined来源：考试大

(B) mining and farming combination

(C) that mining and farming combined来源：考试大

(D) of its combination mining and farming (91.8)

[答案] A 此句比较的是utah的年产值(the annual worth) (A)中that即代替了the annual worth，故前后比较的范围，内容一致。

(4) The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader than-------

(A) the domestic marketer has来源：考试大

(B) the domestic marketer does

(C) those of the domestic marketer

(D) that which has the domestic marketer (91.5)

[答案] C 此句比较的是国际市场研究者与国内市场研究者的活动(the activities) 为避免同词重复，用(C)those来代替前面的名词the activities ,因而对比双方比较的范围是平行相等的。

(5) Fructose is a monosaccharide sugar that is much sweeter -------

(A) than cane sugar does

(B) does cane sugar

(C) cane sugar

(D) than cane sugar (90.5)

[答案] D 此比较句型前半部分主系表结构，后半部不可出现助动词does(答案A及B)，但可省略系词，如(D)。