做翻译也能提升托福写作能力
托福写作练习中，其实大家也可以通过翻译练习来提升写作能力，也是就所谓的“以译促写”。今天小编和大家分享做翻译也能提升托福写作能力,希望能帮助到大家，来欣赏一下吧。
做翻译也能提升托福写作能力?
一.何为“以译促写”
所谓以译促写，顾名思义就是通过翻译来促进托福写作。具体说来，就是找一篇英文作文将它翻译成汉语，然后对照汉语，自己把它翻译成英文，最后，将自己的英文稿和最初的范文进行对比，寻找差距。本文小编为大家介绍这种以译促写的托福写作方法。
语言使用(language use)是新托福写作中一项重要的评分维度。根据官方给出的评分标准，考生应该“能够流畅地使用英语(consistent facility in the use of language)”，也就是要求考生能够使用多种英文句型并且恰当用词(There should be a variety of sentence structure， and word choice should be appropriate)。然而，提高语言的难度极高，它既不想发展(development)那样具有训练性，也不像结构(organization)那样具有模版性，如果方法不得当，还很有可能“练而无果”。那么，什么方法能够在短期内有效地提高语言表达呢?很简单，演“译”语言，以译促写。
所谓以译促写，顾名思义就是通过翻译来促进写作。具体说来，就是找一篇英文作文将它翻译成汉语，然后对照汉语，自己把它翻译成英文，最后，将自己的英文稿和最初的范文进行对比，寻找差距。而这样操作的目的也很简单，就是在比较和批注的过程中不断完善提高语言，了解地道的英式表达，从而在考场上从容作文。
二.“以译促写”具体如何实施
第一步，将一篇优秀的托福独立习作翻译成英文。优秀习作的来源可是是OG给出的4、5分的范文，也可以是市面上各种辅导书所给出的参考范文，甚至可以是老托福TWE185题的李笑来范文。这里需要注意一个细节，我们所做出来的翻译应该和原文放在一个文档以方便我们的后续检查和比较。
第二步，打开一个新的文档，将翻译好的汉语文本进行复制粘贴。这里需要注意的是最好粘贴在非word文档里。由于word具有自动改正的功能，所以很多明显的拼写语法错误会自动修正，而在真实的考场上，ETS给出的软件完全不具备类似的功能(这本来就是考试所要考查的内容)，所以，对word依赖越大，考场之上，失误的可能性就越大。
第三步，对照自己的汉语文本，将汉语翻译成英语。
第四步，将自己的英语文本与原先的范文文本进行对比，标注出自己表达与范文表达不同的地方，并进行修改批注。但是，进行到这一步，大家千万不要以为万事大吉了，确切地说这才是做好我们整个工作的准备环节，真正关键的步骤是第五步。
第五步，也是整个环节中最重要的一步，就是要静心地思考你的英文译文同范文文本的差异，学习范文文本的起承转合的技巧，学习范文文本长句短句的错落交叉，学习范文文本的精确用词--这些都是在你的文章有了思路和结构之后阻碍你得的重要因素。
第六步，作为选择步骤。如果前五步，特别是第五步你已经做的无可挑剔，那么这一步可以选择不做。但是如果你在前五步做完之后还有一些困惑，那么请一定要严格执行第六步，即背下这篇范文。为什么不是直接背下范文呢?因为只有通过这样一步一步地翻译，一点一点地对比，你才能知道并且是真正你自己的表达弱点在那里。这种做法看似麻烦，其实比直接背范文的有效性要高出很多。
托福写作解析：倒装句让你的写作更精彩
倒装句在托福写作中时常运用，一种是完全倒装句;另一种是部分倒装句。
对于英语句子的倒装，有两种情况下需要运用倒装，一是由于语法结构的需要;二是由于修辞的需要。对于这两种情况的倒装，种情况是必须要倒装的，否则你的句子就会出现语法错误;第二种是选择性的倒装，这里只会在表达效果上出现差异。下面小编就带大家一起来看看从修辞功能的需要来看看倒装句为你的托福写作提分。
表现点一：表示强调
倒装句，大家最常见的、最突出的表现形式就是强调，其它表达形式一般有3种形态：
1. only +状语或状语从句置于句首,句子用部分倒装。
例：Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。
2. not, little, hardly, scarcely, no more, no longer, in no way, never, seldom, not only, no sooner等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句子用部分倒装。
例： Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽车上班。
例： so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分。
eg.To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out. 她的彩排进行得那么长,以致于那两个演员都走出去了。
以上各例子都用倒装语序突出了句首成分,其语气较自然语序强烈,因而具有极佳的修辞效果。
表现点二：承上启下
在写作表达中，有时需要在前一句说到或有联系的人或者是事物在下一句紧接着先说出来，从而使前后两句在意思上的关系更加清楚，衔接更加的紧密，起到一个承上启下的作用，这时候往往会用到倒装句。
例： We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are, and paupers we shall remain. 我们确实不应因为被称作穷光蛋而愤愤不平。我们的确是穷光蛋,而且还会继续是穷光蛋。
表现点三：制造悬念，渲染气氛
一般这个表现点在新闻或者文学创作的时候用到的最多，是为了内容的需要，或者为了强调，作者常常运用倒装句来制造悬念，渲染气氛，但是如果想让你的文章丰富多彩，那么使用倒装也不是不可行的。
例如：Hanging on the wall was a splendid painting. 墙上挂着一幅精美的图画。
表现点四：平衡结构
学习英语的人都知道，在英语的修辞中有一个很重要的原则，就是尾重原则，即把句子最复杂的成分放在句尾有来保持句子的平衡。而在语言使用中为了避免头重脚轻，结构不平衡的句子，通常也会使用倒装句来达到这种效果。
1. 以作状语的介词短语开头:当主语较长或主语所带修饰语较长时,为了使句子平衡,常将状语置于句首,句子用完全倒装语序。
例：On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be shipped to some other cities.
Some air conditioners lay on the ground, which are to be shipped to some other cities.
地上放着一些空调,等着用船运到其他城市去。
从例句中可看出, 采用倒装语序的A句结构平衡稳妥 ,读起来自然流畅,而采用自然语序的B句结构零乱, 读起来也别扭。因而,在主语较长时就应采用倒装语序以取得理想的表达效果。
2. 以表语开头的句子:有时为了把较长的主语放在后面,须将表语和谓语都提到主语前。
eg.Such would be our home in the future. 我们将来的家就是这个样子。
3. 以副词here , there开头的句子,也采用完全倒装来保持句子平衡。
例：Here is the letter you have been looking forward to. 你盼望已久的信在这儿。
表现点五：使文章描写生动
有时为了使叙述或描绘更加生动形象,增加语言效果,可将表示方向的副词(如:down, up, out, in, off, on, away等)或拟声词(bang, crack等)置于句首,句子采用全部倒装的语序(主语为人称代词的句子除外)。
例：Down jumped the criminal from the third floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him. 当警察把手枪瞄准那个罪犯时,嘭地一下他就从三楼跳了下去。
上例句子简洁明了，生动逼真地描述了有关动作，令我们一览倒装句的风采。这种倒装句的修辞功能在语段中可以体现的更为清晰。
托福写作解析：reduce living expense
如果给朋友推荐reduce living expense的方式：
1. 找一个室友合租
2. 不买最新款的手机，buy less frequently
3. Buy cheap foods and cook home(不要经常在外面吃)
Which way you will recommend to your friend and why?
思路：题目问推荐reduce living expense的方式，选找舍友合租。
三个分论点：
(1)找舍友合租省下的房租费远多于后两种;
(2)找舍友合租还可以在其他方面省钱，比如交通拼车啥的;
(3)让步，找舍友合租固然会有一些不便，但并不严重。
2017年12月17日托福独立写作真题范文
托福写作范文参考：
(开头段：背景引入+他人观点+自己观点+过渡句)
Due to high level of consumptions, young people can usually find themselves stuck in financial deficit. In this case, how to cut down living expenses obviously become an important problem. Some say they may change their mobile phone in a much lower frequency while others propose that they are more willing to cook by themselves in order to save money. However, I consider renting an apartment with a roommate can be the best solution. My view point is based on the following reasons and examples.
(分论点1：分论点+展开句+论证)
To begin with, living with a roommate can help us save much more money than cutting down costs in buying new electric devices or cooking at home. The expense of house renting is higher than the money spending on eating stuff or purchasing mobile phone. Take the young working in Shanghai as an example. Renting fees in Shanghai can reach 5,000 RMB to 7000 RMB in average if young people want to live in some convenient districts rather than in some remote areas. If they find a roommate and get the rent shared, he or she can save at least 2,500 RMB per month. When it comes to saving money by stop buying new mobile phone or quitting eating outside, one may only save several hundred RMB one month. So it will be much more effective if one find a roommate to reduce his or her costs on renting than on cellphone or food.
(分论点2：分论点+展开句+论证)
In addition, living with another individual can not only lesson one’s financial pressure in renting fees, but also save money in other aspects. Roommates can share furniture or tools together. For example, when I was just graduate from university, I choose to rent with another girl. When we both moved into our new apartment from our dormitory, the first thing we need to deal with was to buy some necessary items such as cooking pot and sofa, for the house we rent was almost empty—there were only two beds in it. I felt very lucky that I decided to live with another girl rather than living by myself, because I had not to pay all the expenses of buying these equipment myself. Sharing those expenditure with my roommate effectively lessened my financial burden.
(让步段：承认漏洞，削弱其影响)
Admittedly, living with another person can lead to some problems. Sometimes, we may encounter with roommates who are quite annoying, like he or she may have several friends singing and dancing in her room till midnight, which will disturb us a lot. Different life style can result in a bad relationship between us and our roommates. Nevertheless, this kind of terrible situation can be prevented by carefully collecting information of our roommates before we make the decision of renting a house with him or her. If we deliberately choose the individual who own a similar living habit as ours, most of the unsat isfactory cases can be avoided ahead of time.
(结尾段：重述总论点+重述分论点)
To sum up, compared with keeping using old cellphone and cooking by ourselves, living with a roommate is the best solution when young people want to cut down their expenses. Having another people living with us can share renting fees as well as other various kinds of costs. Although it may lead to some inconvenience, we can effectively eliminate these drawbacks by observing and communicating with our potential roommates before we finally pick up the one we are most likely to get along well with.
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