高分GRE写作提纲举例指导整合
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高分GRE写作提纲举例指导
2 、"Competition is ultimately more benefici al than detrimental to society."
.意，防止不良竞争
1、经济领域，竞争可以提高产品质量，促进创新更好的质量、服务、创新的动力，消费者受益
2、政治领域，竞争可以选出最有能力的领导者，人民受益竞争中，领导者承诺福利，个人能力;防止无能政府
3、不良竞争对社会带来问题，如压力，不正当竞争，学生成绩竞争;工作岗位竞争;immoral 竞争，slag off behind the back
2T "Competition is ultimately more beneficial than detrimental to society."
归根结底，竞争对于社会是利多弊少。
①使得更有效率。A 同事之间竞争 B优胜劣汰
②增加社会福利。如：竞选时，使得民众对于该选谁更清晰。
③当竞争失控时，会有问题。如：超出法律和道德的界限
④导致社会上人们普遍压力增大
Through competing, the one who is most eligible is put on the right place, and then will produce much more values than those who are not competent as he or she.
While, on the other hand, if a competition is fraught with adulteration and illegality, it will bring deterioration to the society rather than progress. A case in point is related to market economy.
高分GRE写作提纲举例指导
3 、"It is more important to allocate money for immediate, existing social problems than to
spend it on long-term research that might help future generations."
.期问题长远研究都要重视
1、诚然，我们应当把钱用在当前的社会问题上，如：发展经济，解决失业、犯罪 poverty, disease, war等，因为这些社会问题可能严重危害人们的生命、财产安全;
vaccinate the children in poor African coutri es where hygiene conditions are unqualified
2、然而，我们同时也应当将钱用于长期的研究很多问题不能马上解决，用于长期研究才能根治，如环境问题，需要植树造林为未来长远规划，环境才能从根本上得以改善;如科学研究不是一朝一夕的事
long-term research devotes to resolving or prev enting social problems that might occur to our descendants; preserve the environment from deteri oration is easier than resolving those already emerged enironmental problems which jeopardize the ecosystem
.果只顾眼前，不顾未来，对后代生活造成严重影响，不搞节能研究，能源问题
Immediate, existing problems 好比急性疾病对于人体一样常常关系到社会的稳定，经济的运行，国家的存亡，解决不好后果十分严重。比如失业问题引起政府税收增加，不利于企业发展，事业人经济紧张，购买力下降进一步阻碍经济发展。附加的贫富差距引起社会阶级对立，矛盾加剧的话引起社会动乱，有些问题是短时间内不能解决的，需要长期几代人不懈的努力与规划。提高人的道德素质需要一点一滴的逐渐培养不可能一下子解决，预防.....制度的完善需要长期的研究与实践，这些与 human nature有关的问题从来没有被解决过。
当代人对于后代有责任，比如环境的恶化，能源的消耗，对后代造成了不良影响，需要研究未来的能源危机与对策。需要针对环境的恶化做出补救措施，而且生态的恢复也是一个长期过程。
3T "It is more important to allocate money for immedi ate, existing social problems than to spend it on long-term research that might help future generations."
与其花钱进行可能有助于后代的长期性研究，还不如把钱花在迫在眉睫，已经存在的社会问题上。
①花钱解决现在的问题很合理，特别是很紧急的问题。如：tsunami
②有些问题不是现在就能解决的。需要长远的规划。贫困问题、犯罪问题，有关 human nature 的问题从历史上看从来没有真正得到解决过。
③我们对未来负有责任。 A一方面，我们的行为造成了他们的损失。能源上，环境上。B 从道德上说，人与动物的区别在于我们会感情上认为应对后代负责。
When we enjoy the fruits of industrialization and democracy, we are, on the other side, confronted with social problems brought by as another consequence of this process.
Firstly, immediate, existing social problems that ba ffled us deeply need to be resolved as quickly as possible so to restore a sound society and improve its healthy development.
However, many present social problems cannot be resolved immediately as we hoped.
Furthermore, neglecting long-term researches that may help future generations, overemphasizing to focus on the present problems, may result in incomp lete resolution to these social problems, which can merely be an expedience rather than a resolution.
高分GRE写作提纲举例指导
9"Academic disciplines have become so specia lized in recent years that scholars' ideas reach only a narrow audience. Until scholars can reach a wider audience, their ideas will have little use."
.分同意
1、承认现代学科研究确实专业化很强，学科之间互不了解领域之间不了解，同领域的不同方向之间不了解
2、学科研究确实需要让更多的人理解，促进交流，相互启发
define wider audience as people of other disciplines within the same field or relevant field; physics and mathematics; chemistry and biology; achievenments in one discipline can shed light on other discipline
3、但研究也不需要让非该领域的所有人都理解
define wider audien ce as people outside academic field; the re search on computer science; people still can benefit from the application of those ideas even though they do not un der stand the underlying principles
9T "Academic disciplines have become so specialized in recent years that scholars' ideas reach only a narrow audience. Until scholars can reach a wider audience, their ideas will have little use."
.年来学术领域更加专业化，以至于学者门的研究只作用于很小范围内的人群。除非学者们的研究能适合大范围的人群，他们的想法才有用。
① 现在确实 increasingly narrow. 如：原来 Aristotle 什么都研究，现在的物理学家只关注于问题 such as 一个核子如何作用。原来 Confucius 对于国家的各个领域都研究，现在的教育家只研究哪一种教学方法对一群特定学生起作用。
② 但科学家们之间有相互合作。如：Watson and Click DNA
③ 有些领域即使在很小范围内研究，也能服务于社会。Game theory
As a matter of fact, the more specialized the ideas, the less accessible to them. However, specialization does not have any impact on the value of scholars’ ideas. Actually, it is not necessary for the public to under stand all abstruse ideas scholars hold. For example,most people do not know how the CPU is running in the personal computer, but this does not hamper them to using computers.
高分GRE写作提纲举例指导
8 、"It is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public."
.分同意
1、承认为了获得政治领导权 win the political game需要withhold informaion to gain political power; disclose every personal flaw, shortcoming, foibles opponents will take advantage; no need to be complete honest
2、关系到 classic information of the government要保留 national defence，attack on drug dealers
3、但在关系到人民利益的时候隐瞒信息会对人们造成危害，使政府失去信任 the panic caused by SARS derived from China in 2003 was mostly initia ted by the closure of information by the government of Beijing. Lots of citizens are not available to take measures to protect from this deadly disease.
.It is always impossible for the political leaders to reveal everything to the public, especially some the information which can affect the national security. Different nations are competing and even antagonistic. Revealing some information could has no help for the solution but poses negative impact on the stability of a country. Unidentified illness
Withholding information should not be the excuse for political leaders to abuse their power.
Withholding information at their will could provide the chance of corruption, 在不威胁国家安全，社会稳定情况下，政府行为应该尽可能透明，接受监督。
【题目】 "It is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public."
【翻译】对于政治领导者来说，向人民大众隐瞒信息通常是必要的，甚至有益的。少数和多数的关系之 true lies, the truth is out there.
【提纲】
1、向人民大众隐瞒一些信息在一些情况下是有必要的，甚至是有宜的，例子，政府准备到某个 state 进行人们生活质量的考察，之前就很有必要不要告诉大家，因为如果告诉了 the public ，那么那个state 的领导可能会做一些表明工作，那么考察到的就不是真实情况了【这是看的别人的例子，实在没想出来】
2、在一些情况下告诉 the public 实情还能帮助政府度过危机【例子就是 SARS 在2002 年在中国，如果不告知民众，那么很有可能大家不知道如何预防这种 virus，使得更多的人染上它，但告知后，人民在政府的领导下，降低了感染上这种 virus 的人数，成功的控制了 virus】
3、总结
.导对公众有所保留
一、适当的保留是必须的，无论是上台前还是上台后 imcompatible 。但长期不行。
二、在上台前，诚实是无用的美德 Before the political leader is elected, honesty is not a useful virtue for candidates
1.民众不信任，给对手留空隙
2.没办法完全保证承诺能实现，布什的减税计划因 911 而没实现
三、上台后有时隐瞒信息也是必要的。After being elected, it is advantaged to conceal some information for the leader either.
1.国家安全，国家安全会议
2.经济利益，海带丰收
3.公众容易恐慌，禽流感传闻
四、on the other hand, people in any democracy will throw down the gauntlet to the goverment’s blackout, or put it bluntly, so-called fooling the public, in the long run.
1、民主社会，人民才是主人
2、 empirical evidence of economy，持续通胀 counterproductive
3、长期欺骗只有 downfall, abuse, subversi on of administration
8T 个体和整体 政治类 "It is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public." 8 . 政治领导们在公众面前有所保留是必要的，甚至是必须的。
① 在某些情况下，封闭信息是需要。A 如国防 national defense，抓捕犯人 culprit等B 有时群众了解的信息可能是片面的，引起骚动，还不如不了解 Admittedly, sometimes it is necessary for political leaders to keep the public from know something, such as country’s top secret, which is indispensable and helpful for a country in defending aggression and keeping safety.
② 公开信息更有利于群众与政府的互动，更利于帮助政府把事情办好. 如：现在很多地方的政府网站，以及摄像头等。
③ 公开信息还有一个优势：防止权力的腐败 反面说：引起腐败，and therefore bring detriment to society.
Firstly, political leaders, in a democracy regime, will harm the proper right of people as they withhold information from the public.
Secondly, withholding information from the public will result in corruption in the government, and therefore bring detriment to society.
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