托福阅读直接信息题实例解析
托福阅读直接信息题又叫事实信息题，顾名思义考察的是考生对阅读文章中直接给出的事实信息的理解能力，下面小编就和大家分享托福阅读直接信息题实例解析,希望能够帮助到大家，来欣赏一下吧。
托福阅读直接信息题实例解析
一般能来说，托福阅读直接信息题的解题需要遵循三步：1.从题干中找到定位关键词 2.通过定位关键词找到对应原文，得出原文答案 3.将四个选项跟原文答案进行对照，看哪个选项是对原文答案的同义改写。这个过程中最重要的主要有两种能力：关键词定位与同义改写。
首先我们来看看“定位关键词”。，按照“识别度高低”排序可以有如下这些帮助我们回到原文定位的关键词：
(1) 数字、大写、符号(引号、破折号、连字符、斜体...)
(2) 名词(以具体名词为主、抽象名词为辅，因为前者更不容易被改写)
(3) 比较级、最高级
(4) 动词、形容词、副词
在关键词定位的过程中我们要对题干中诸如when、where 、how 、why等特殊疑问词敏感，这些单词可以帮我们更好地判断题目的考查方向，让我们知道最终要找到什么。另外文章标题词不可作为定位关键词，因为高频词没有定位价值。
关于Step 2“原文答案”，这是指的是如果题目没有四个选项、只有题干的话，这道题就类似一道简答题，那么这个“原文答案”就是该简答题的答案。最后关于Step 3“同义改写”，这也是托福考试最广泛考察的能力之一了，指同义词或近义词的替换。
接下来我们运用这个三步走的策略来解答下面两道题：
例题1
Though it may be difficult to imagine from a later perspective, a strain of critical opinion in the 1920s predicted that sound film would be a technical novelty that would soon fade from sight, just as had many previous attempts, dating well back before the First World War, to link images with recorded sound. These critics were making a common assumption-that the technological inadequacies of earlier efforts (poor synchronization, weak sound amplification, fragile sound recordings) would invariably occur again. To be sure, their evaluation of the technical flaws in 1920s sound experiments was not so far off the mark, yet they neglected to take into account important new forces in the motion picture field that, in a sense, would not take no for an answer.
Which of the following is true about the technical problems of early sound films?
(A) Linking images with recorded sound was a larger obstacle than weak sound amplification or fragile sound recordings.
(B) Sound films in the 1920s were unable to solve the technical flaws found in sound films before the First World War.
(C) Technical inadequacies occurred less frequently in early sound films than critics suggested.
(D) Critics assumed that it would be impossible to overcome the technical difficulties experienced with earlier sound films.
解析：
Step1题干： 找出题干的定位关键词，是technical problems of early sound films。这段所有句子就是围绕early sound films展开的，所以early sound films没有定位价值，所以需要通过technical problems来定位;technical problems是抽象词，一般会发生改写。
Step2原文： 我们发现原文中有两个短语都跟technical problems同义改写，分别是倒数第二句的technological inadequacies和倒数第一句的technical flaws。
Step3选项： 纵观四个选项，我们发现D选项跟倒数第二句同义改写，其中impossible to overcome跟原文中would invariably occur again是同义改写，technical difficulties跟题干关键词是同义改写。
例题2
Statues were normally made of stone, wood, or metal. Stone statues were worked from single rectangular blocks of material and retained the compactness of the original shape. The stone between the arms and the body and between the legs in standing figures or the legs and the seat in seated ones was not normally cut away. From a practical aspect this protected the figures against breakage and psychologically gives the images a sense of strength and power, usually enhanced by a supporting back pillar. By contrast, wooden statues were carved from several pieces of wood that were pegged together to form the finished work, and metal statues were either made by wrapping sheet metal around a wooden core or cast by the lost wax process. The arms could be held away from the body and carry separate items in their hands; there is no back pillar. The effect is altogether lighter and freer than that achieved in stone, but because both perform the same function, formal wooden and metal statues still display frontality.
Which of the following statements about wooden statues is true?
(A) Wooden statues were usually larger than stone statues.
(B) Wooden statues were made from a single piece of wood.
(C) Wooden statues contained pieces of metal or stone attached to the front.
(D) Wooden statues had a different effect on the viewer than stone statues.
解析：
Step1题干： 找出题干的定位关键词，是wooden statues;这是具体名词，一般不会改写。
Step2原文：根据wooden statues定位至倒数第三句(以By contrast开头)，我们发现之后两句话也都是关于wooden statues的信息;那么原文答案就是最后三句话。
Step3选项： 纵观四个选项，我们发现D选项跟原文最后一句话but之前的信息同义改写，所以答案是D。
综上所述，托福阅读直接信息题的解答策略并不复杂，主要涉及关键词定位和同义改写这两个基本能力的考察，只要把握好确定关键词、定位、同义改写的做题节奏，利用真题做好充分练习与反思，我们完全可以轻松hold住这一高频题型，顺利稳住托福阅读。
托福阅读真题原题+题目
Prehistoric mammoths have been preserved in the famous tar pits of Rancho La Brea (Brea is the Spanish word for tar) in what is now the heart of Los Angeles, California. These tar pits have been known for centuries and were formerly mined for their natural asphalt, a black or brown petroleum-like substance. Thousands of tons were extracted before 1875, when it was first noticed that the tar contained fossil remains. Major excavations were undertaken that established the significance of this remarkable site. The tar pits were found to contain the remains of scores of species of animals from the last 30,000 years of the Ice Age.
Since then, over 100 tons of fossils, 1.5 million from vertebrates, 2.5 million from invertebrates, have been recovered, often in densely concentrated and tangled masses. The creatures found range from insects and birds to giant ground sloth's, but a total of 17 proboscides (animals with a proboscis or long nose) — including mastodons and Columbian mammoths — have been recovered, most of them from Pit 9, the deepest bone-bearing deposit, which was excavated in 1914. Most of the fossils date to between 40,000 and 10,000 years ago.
The asphalt at La Brea seeps to the surface, especially in the summer, and forms shallow puddles that would often have been concealed by leaves and dust. Unwary animals would become trapped on these thin sheets of liquid asphalt, which are extremely sticky in warm weather. Stuck, the unfortunate beasts would die of exhaustion and hunger or fall prey to predators that often also became stuck.
As the animals decayed, more scavengers would be attracted and caught in their turn. Carnivores greatly outnumber herbivores in the collection: for every large herbivore, there is one saber-tooth cat, a coyote, and four wolves. The fact that some bones are heavily weathered shows that some bodies remained above the surface for weeks or months. Bacteria in the asphalt would have consumed some of the tissues other than bones, and the asphalt itself would dissolve what was left, at the same time impregnating and beautifully preserving the saturated bones, rendering them dark brown and shiny.
1. What aspect of the La Brea tar pits does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The amount of asphalt that was mined there
(B) The chemical and biological interactions between asphalt and animals
(C) The fossil remains that have been found there
(D) Scientific methods of determining the age of tar pits
2. In using the phrase the heart of Los Angeles in line 2, the author is talking about the city's
(A) beautiful design
(B) central area
(C) basic needs
(D) supplies of natural asphalt
3. The word noticed in line 5 closest in meaning to
(A) predicted
(B) announced
(C) corrected
(D) observed
4. The word tangled in line 10 is closest in meaning to
(A) buried beneath
(B) twisted together
(C) quickly formed
(D) easily dated
5. The word them in line 13 refers to
(A) insects
(B) birds
(C) cloths
(D) proboscideans
6. How many proboscideans have been found at the La Brea tar pits?
(A) 9
(B) 17
(C) 1.5 million
(D) 2.5 million
7. The word concealed in line 17 is closest in meaning to
(A) highlighted
(B) covered
(C) transformed
(D) contaminated
8. Why does the author mention animals such as coyotes and wolves in paragraph 4?
(A) To give examples of animals that are classified as carnivores
(B) To specify the animals found least commonly at La Brea
(C) To argue that these animals were especially likely to avoid extinction.
(D) To define the term scavengers
托福阅读背景知识汇总之未来派
未来派(Futurism)
在法国的未来派是一个有预先组织的画派, 他们把画派的中心思想及名称都想好了并发表后, 才开始依照准则作画. 未来派的准则简单的来说就是:"动就是美". 他们认为, 一切的一切在未来而否认过去. 他们认为要不停的动, 才能摆脱过去, 迎向未来. 未来派表现"动"的方法大多是用物体的连续动作. 好像摄影时使用慢速快门, 了解摄影的人都知道, 在摄影中要表现动作(movement)时, 有两个选择, 一是用快速快门(通常在1/500秒以上)使物体动态凝结, 二是用慢速快门(通常在1/30秒以下)使物体在底片上留下动态轨迹. 所以未来派所表现的不是现在式, 不是过去式, 更不是未来式, 而是现在进行式(加-in就对啦!). 虽然未来派只有短短的五, 六年, 但是这个观念影响了之后的达达派(Dada)及现代抽象艺术, 他们比未来派更否定过去, 保证你看不懂.
