雅思阅读定位技巧讲解
很多考生会发现雅思阅读最难为人并不是读不懂，而是找不到。那么该如何快速定位呢?一起来学习吧，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
雅思阅读定位---新思路起底
雅思阅读考察三方面能力 ➀ 基础能力：即最本质的阅读能力，对于雅思阅读来说，得词汇者得天下。➁ 做题能力，每一种题型都有属于自己得做题方法，小烤鸭必须有策略地去解题。➂ 定位难题，很多考生会发现雅思阅读最难为人并不是读不懂，而是找不到。那么该如何快速定位呢?耐心读完并练习以下方法，相信你也成为自带gps属性的定位能手。
雅思阅读--1特殊词定位法
什么是特殊的词?就是特别好找，一眼就能够从1000多字的雅思阅读文章当中找到的词。一般来说是名词优先，因为动词容易出现同义词替换，而形容词副词则往往可以省去。
名词我们会优先寻找：时间，数字，大写等相对替换较少且较为好寻找的词，其中数字有可能会发生形式上的改变。
★需要注意的是，文章主题词和同题型重多次重复的词，不可以用做定位词，哪怕这些词再特殊，一旦全文都是，也就失去了定位的意义。
雅思阅读--2关系定位法
如果题干当中没有比较特殊的词，我们可以利用关系来定位，题干当中如果出现of所属关系，那么原文当中一定也会有对应的关系存在，找到关系，也就是找到了答案之所在。
如剑9第一套题的第一篇文章重的第四题，该题目并没有明显定位词，但是我们可以利用并列关系rich and famous来定位对应原文中的fame and fortune.
★需要注意的是，定位关系是稳定的，但是关系词会发生变化，需要同学们平时多做积累。
雅思阅读--3夹心原则
考试当中，题目都是整体出现，我们可以利用和前后题的关系。比如说有三道题目，其中1和3可以找到，2题没有明显定位词，比较难找，那我们可以先找1题和3题，再在两题中间扫读查找第二题。
如剑4第44页的2-4题，其中第二题和第四题比较好定位，第三题很难找，问的是什么越来越多，我们可以先解决2题和4题，然后在两题中间范围关系阅读，找看是什么越来越多，找到：a growing interest in cultural identity.
雅思阅读--4快速阅读抓文章结构法
这种方法适用于极度变态的难定位的题目。难定位主要体现在题目跨度大和逆序，遇见这两种情况，考生可以扫读每段首末句扫清结构，题目一般就可以迎刃而解了，具体考生可以参照剑9第二套题第一篇文章进行体验练习。
雅思阅读--5特殊套题模式
段落matching——这个题考试时候建议最后做，因为后面细节题对他有提示。List of headings——出现这个题目，该题型尽量先做，因为先做它对后面的细节题有提示。在真题当中，不乏出现了list of headings题，之后细节题定位变难的，但是通通都可以从该题型中找到线索。
雅思阅读--6混合运用在实践当中
以上方法并不是孤立存在的，考生需要混合运用，这样即可招招制胜，攻克雅思阅读。
雅思阅读真题解析--剑11TEST1 ‘The Falkirk Wheel’
判断题的考点主要分为九类：数字考点，否定考点，因果考点，目的考点，绝对词考点，程度副词或形容词考点，趋势词考点，比较类考点，和客观事实(谓语动词或表语)考点。熟练掌握这几类考点的特征是快速准确分析结论的前提。阅读各题型的难度较之前都有一定的提高。例如在剑11中出现的填空题的少数乱序现象，判断题的难度主要体现在定位障碍，定位词替换，跨段出题频繁等等。所以本文具体分析剑桥11中第一套第二篇文章的判断题。
14. The Falkirk Wheel has linked the Forth & Clyde Canal with the Union Canal for the first time in history.定位词选择专有名词Forth & Clyde Canal和Union Canal，考点是for the first time，原文对应第一段介绍Falkirk Wheel的历史背景: The Falkirk Wheel in Scotland is the world’s first and only rotating boat life. Opened in 2002, it is central to the ambitious…to restore navigability across Scotland by reconnecting the historic waterways of the Forth & Clyde and the Union Canals.原文中出现了reconnect 表示又一次将Forth & Clyde和Union Canals连接起来通航。所以和考点词‘first time’矛盾，结论是FALSE。
15 There was some opposition to the design of the Falkirk Wheel at first.定位词‘design’考点是是否存在opposition，文中并没有直接出现design，但是类似的信息出现在第三段，通过第三段的首句‘Numerous ideas were submitted for the project, including concepts ranging from rolling eggs to tilting tanks, from… ’可以看出，本段是方案提出阶段，所以和design相关。紧接着，原文内容是‘The eventual winner was a plan for the huge rotating steel boat lift which was become the Falkirk Wheel.’之后是涉及的升船机的结构特点。所以并没有提及和题目有关信息，因此本题结论为NOT GIVEN。
16. The Falkirk Wheel was initially put together at the location where its components were manufactured.通过定位components，可在第四段的第一句看到various parts, 定位词替换，程度副词考点 initially put together,原文第四段前两句‘The various parts of The Falkirk Wheel were all constructed and assembled…at Butterley Engineering ‘s Steelworks in Derbyshire, some 400km from Falkirk. A team there carefully assembled the 1,200 tonnes of steel, painstakingly fitting the pieces together to…’主要对应考点词的为 assemble 组装，及 fit…together.即在零件生产地先进行所有的零件组装。所以本题结论为TRUE.
17.The Falkirk Wheel is the only boat lift in the world which has steel sections bolted together by hand.
本题的定位词可选较多，steel section，hand, 考点词也非常明显，绝对次only，原文第四段最后两句，The Wheel would need to withstand immense and constantly changing stresses as it rotated, so to make the structure more robust, the steel sections were bolted rather than welded together. Over 45,000 bolt holes were marched with their boats, and each bolt was hand-tightened.原文没有提及only。
小伙伴看到这个题目是不是觉得很熟悉，本题的套路和剑9第一篇判断题‘The tree from which quinine is derived grow only in South America’的考点对应关系是一致的，都是在原文没有提及only，所以该题的结论为NOT GIVEN.
18 The weight of the gondolas varies according the size of boat being carried.定位词gondolas,考点是谓语动词varies‘变化’，原文定位之后在第五段第二句话出现了引号‘gondolas’,所以该题目定位较容易，通过精读原句，在定位词出现的下一句，‘These gondolas always weigh the same, whether or not they are carrying boats.’原文的 same和考点词varies是矛盾关系，所以结论为FALSE。
19. The construction of the Falkirk Wheel site took into account the presence of a nearby ancient monument.定位词ancient monument 考点 took into account… 即考虑到了…定位词ancient monument 非常难找，对于不知道单词含义的同学，这道题难度就大了很多。ancient monument历史古迹，在原文的最后一段出现了the presence of historically important Antonine Wall, which was built by the Romans in the second century AD. 为了保护历史古迹，工程的建造通过一个管道，从墙下穿过，所以这个题的结论是TRUE。
仔细观察这个较难定位的题目，最后一题的时态和之前两题(17.18)不一样，之前是一般现在，最后是过去时。因此，关键时用特殊方法，定位过去时即很快能找到在最后一段出现目标内容。本题出现了跨段的情况，中间间隔的信息恰恰是第二道图题的对应位置。
综上，这篇文章的判断题题目信息和考查词汇并不难，存在的难点主要是定位，以及定位之后需要阅读的原文句子较长，通常需要读两句。所以考生在备考时，需要在定位和分析原句的两个方面充分练习。定位词找不到可暂时放弃，先做之后的题目，再利用题目顺序原则，去看未出题段落。
读原句的时候，考生要多注意句子中的指代词 it, that, these, those… 根据出现的位置，来判断需要精读的句数。因此，快速定位，精读完整信息，迅速比较，勤练多思，一定能提高判断题正确率。
雅思阅读全真练习系列：Sleep medication linked to bizarre behaviour
Sleep medication linked to bizarre behaviour
New evidence has linked a commonly prescribed sleep medication with bizarre behaviours, including a case in which a woman painted her front door in her sleep.
UK and Australian health agencies have released information about 240 cases of odd occurrences, including sleepwalking, amnesia and hallucinations among people taking the drug zolpidem.
While doctors say that zolpidem can offer much-needed relief for people with sleep disorders, they caution that these newly reported cases should prompt a closer look at its possible side effects.
Zolpidem, sold under the brand names Ambien, Stilnoct and Stilnox, is widely prescribed to treat insomnia and other disorders such as sleep apnea. Various forms of the drug, made by French pharmaceutical giant Sanofi-Aventis, were prescribed 674,500 times in 2005 in the UK.
A newly published report from Australia’s Federal Health Department describes 104 cases of hallucinations and 62 cases of amnesia experienced by people taking zolpidem since marketing of the drug began there in 2000. The health department report also mentioned 16 cases of strangesleepwalking by people taking the medication.
Midnight snack
In one of these sleepwalking cases a patient woke with a paintbrush in her hand after painting the front door to her house. Another case involved a woman who gained 23 kilograms over seven months while taking zolpidem. “It was only when she was discovered in front of an open refrigerator while asleep that the problem was resolved,” according to the report.
The UK’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, meanwhile, has recorded 68 cases of adverse reactions to zolpidem from 2001 to 2005.
The newly reported cases in the UK and Australia add to a growing list of bizarre sleepwalking episodes linked to the drug in other countries, including reports of people sleep-driving while on the medication. In one case, a transatlantic flight had to be diverted after a passenger caused havoc after taking zolpidem.
Hypnotic effects
There is no biological pathway that has been proven to connect zolpidem with these behaviours. The drug is a benzodiazepine-like hypnotic that promotes deep sleep by interacting with brain receptors for a chemical called gamma-aminobutyric acid. While parts of the brain become less active during deep sleep, the body can still move, making sleepwalking a possibility.
The product information for prescribers advises that psychiatric adverse effects, including hallucinations, sleepwalking and nightmares, are more likely in the elderly, and treatment should be stopped if they occur.
Patient advocacy groups say they would like government health agencies and drug companies to take a closer look at the possible risks associated with sleep medicines. They stress that strange sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours can have risky consequences.
“When people do something in which they’re not in full control it’s always a danger,” says Vera Sharav of the New York-based Alliance for Human Research Protection, a US network that advocates responsible and ethical medical research practices.
Tried and tested
“The more reports that come out about the potential side effects of the drug, the more research needs to be done to understand if these are real side effects,” says sleep researcher Kenneth Wright at the University of Colorado in Boulder, US.
Millions of people have taken the drug without experiencing any strange side effects, points out Richard Millman at Brown Medical School, director of the Sleep Disorders Center of Lifespan Hospitals in Providence, Rhode Island, US. He says that unlike older types of sleep medications, zolpidem does not carry as great a risk of addiction.
And Wright notes that some of the reports of “sleep-driving” linked to zolpidem can be easily explained: some patients have wrongly taken the drug right before leaving work in hopes that the medicine will kick in by the time they reach home. Doctors stress that the medication should be taken just before going to bed.
The US Food & Drug Administration says it is continuing to "actively investigate" and collect information about cases linking zolpidem to unusual side effects.
The Ambien label currently lists strange behaviour as a “special concern” for people taking the drug. “It’s a possible rare adverse event,” says Sanofi-Aventis spokesperson Melissa Feltmann, adding that the strange sleepwalking behaviours “may not necessarily be caused by the drug” but instead result from an underlying disorder. She says that “the safety profile [of zolpidem] is well established”. The drug received approval in the US in 1993.
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Questions 1-6 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage?
In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet write
TRUE if the statement is true according to the passage
FALSE if the statement is false according to the passage
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage
1. Ambien, Stilnoct and Stilnox are brand names of one same drug treating insomnia.
2. The woman’s obesity problem wasn’t resolved until she stopped taking zolpidem.
3. Zolpidem received approval in the UK in 2001.
4. The bizarre behaviour of a passenger after taking zolpidem resulted in the diversion of a flight bound for the other side of the Atlantic.
5. Zolpidem is the only sleep medication that doesn’t cause addiction.
6. The sleep-driving occurrence resulted from the wrong use of zolpidem by an office worker.
Question 7-9 Choose the appropriate letters A-D and Write them in boxes 7-9 on your answer sheet.
7. How many cases of bizarre behaviours are described in an official report from Australia?
A. 68
B. 104
C. 182
D. 240
8. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the product information about zolpidem?
A. Treatment should be stopped if side effects occur.
B. Medication should be taken just before going to bed.
C. Adverse effects are more likely in the elderly.
D. Side effects include nightmares, hallucinations and sleepwalking.
9. Who claimed that the safety description of zolpidem was well established?
A. Kenneth Wright
B. Melissa Feltmann
C. Richard Millman
D. Vera Sharav
Questions 10-13 Answer the following questions with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS each in boxes 10-13.
10. How many times was French-made zolpidem prescribed in 2005 in Britain?
11. What kind of hypnotic is zolpidem as a drug which promotes deep sleep in patients?
12. What can sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours cause according to patient advocacy groups?
13. What US administration says that it has been investigating the cases relating zolpidem to unusual side effects?
