GRE阅读考试中容易被忽略的6大关键点
学霸攻略,GRE阅读考试中容易被忽略的6大关键点!你躺枪了吗?我们来看看吧，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
学霸攻略 | GRE阅读考试中容易被忽略的6大关键点!你躺枪了吗?
很多同学留言GRE阅读中容易成为丢分重灾区，哪些技巧又能够帮助大家扭转乾坤?对于这些问题，考生也许自己已经有了一些不成形的概念但还缺乏系统性的归纳整理。
下面米粒就来为大家做GRE阅读得分扣分原因的对比，帮助大家了解阅读提分的关键所在~
得分原因1：掌握文章常见结构
对于考生来说，GRE阅读最令人欣慰的一点，也许就是其文章结构的规范性和公式化。几乎所有的GRE阅读文章都是同一个模子里出来的：第一段探讨一个高深的话题，第二段质疑一个关于此话题来自其他人的观点或看法，最后一段作者再给出自己的意见和结论。而最让考生头疼的一点，则是话题本身的无趣性。无论如何，考生在阅读中，需要做到主动去了解熟悉文章结构，通过多阅读掌握GRE文章的常见结构套路，而不是被动的等着看文章然后见招拆招。
得分原因2：通读全文在看题目
关于做阅读，一直以来有这么一种说法，那就是先读题目再看文章，看似能节省很多时间，其实却是最愚蠢不过的做法。带着一肚子问题看文章，先不谈能记住多少问题，首先脑子里就已经塞进了一堆东西，这种状态下的阅读只会降低效率，最后文章没看懂，题目全忘了，白费一番功夫。正确的做法是先读完全文。仔细看完整篇文章并在此基础上进行解题，而不要囫囵吞枣的快速看过，其实什么都没记住。
得分原因3：主动思考取代被动阅读
上面说了不要先看题目，为什么这里又要说带着问题看文章呢?这里的问题，其实是指的一些常见的容易出题点，再看文章的过程中，主动去寻找这些常见问题点，适当做一些标记帮助定位，将有助于快速解题。下面是这些需要在阅读过程中寻找的问题点：
1. 文章讨论的是什么?
2. 就讨论的内容，作者给出了几个解释或理论，分别是什么?作者对于这些解释/理论的态度是什么?
3. 为什么作者觉得自己提出的理论最好?
4. 文章的主题是什么?
01过度重视细节浪费时间
很多GRE阅读文章，都会包含大量的各种细节，有数据、有描述、有具体说明等。对于这些细节，在不影响阅读的情况下，建议大家不要过度深入，看过即可。
很多细节其实都是无关紧要的干扰内容，完全不会出现在之后的题目中，考生要做到的是把握整体。不少同学会因为纠结于细节而反反复复的阅读同一段内容，浪费大量时间，殊为不智。
02缺乏阅读积累心态消极
GRE文章的内容，对于考生来说，有时候的确会显得颇为无趣，尤其是一些比较冷门的科技内容，平时即使放在眼前估计也不会去看。带着消极、不想看的态度去解题，当然不会有太好的结果。所以，建议大家在阅读时，尽量把文章内容都想象成自己最想看，最感兴趣的内容，哪怕是自欺欺人，也尽可能的把这些文章当成自己喜欢看的内容，用积极的态度去看文章。
03先看了选项思路被干扰
看完文章，看题目，然后看选项，应该是很多人做题的方法。但GRE阅读的出题者，在这里又为考生设置了陷阱。
一道题五个选项，除了正确选项外，其他选项往往都写得似是而非，迷惑性极高，如果考生想要靠脑海中对文章的记忆来一一排除这些选项，往往会反受其扰，混淆了自己原本还算清晰的思路。最好的做法是看完题目后，先不急着看选项，而是根据自己之前对文章的理解，回到文章中找到相关的内容，并总结出自己对于问题的答案，然后带着这个答案，再到选项中去寻找比较匹配的结果。这么做，就能较好的避免被错误选项干扰。
GRE阅读对大部分考生来说还是具有一定挑战性的，因此考生无论是对提分技巧还是扣分原因，都需要做到心知肚明。通过上文的得分和扣分原因对比，相信大家都能够找到自身的不足之处并在备考中及时补足，为GRE阅读实战做好充分准备。
GRE阅读课外英语杂志教材背景知识补充：乐高积木的成就
How the Danish firm became the world's hottest toy company
来自丹麦的乐高如何成为全球最畅销玩具公司
IT IS getting harder to go anywhere without stepping on a piece of Lego-related hype.
无论走到哪儿，要想不碰到关于乐高的宣传，真是越来越难了。
The Lego Movie is number two at the American box office, after three weeks at number one.
《乐高大电影》现在位居美国票房第二位，这之前它已连续三周成为美国票房冠军。
Model kits related to the film are piled high in the shops.
和该电影有关的工具箱模型在商场大卖，
这篇阅读材料还有MP3音频哦!下载>>传送门
They will add to the already gigantic heap of Lego bits:
让这个世界又多了一大把乐高积木。
86 for every person on the planet.
据估计，平均每个地球人拥有86块乐高积木。
The toymaker has enjoyed ten years of spectacular growth, almost quadrupling its revenue.
这家玩具制造商在过去十年中飞速发展，收入翻了两番。
In 2012 it overtook Hasbro to become the world's second-largest toymaker.
2012年，乐高追赶上美国的孩之宝公司，成为世界第二大玩具公司。
The number one, Mattel, is now seeking to buy the Canadian maker of Mega Bloks toy bricks, to fend off the challenge from Lego.
排名第一的美泰为了应对乐高的挑战，正在寻求收购加拿大的美家宝积木。
This is remarkable for many reasons.
这实在是了不起的成就。
Lego's home town, Billund in rural Denmark, is so small that the company had to provide it with a hotel—an elegant one, unsurprisingly.
理由有很多。乐高的家乡比伦德是丹麦的一个小乡村，因为实在太小，乐高还得专门为它盖一座宾馆—当然是非常高大上的那种。
The toy business is one of the world's trickiest:
玩具是世界上最难搞的产业之一。
perennially faddish and, at the moment, convulsed by technological innovation.
潮流永远是来得快去得也快同时又饱受新技术的冲击。
Children are growing up ever faster, and abandoning the physical world for the virtual.
现在的孩子成长得越来越快，并且越来越多的抛弃现实世界，投向虚拟世界的怀抱。
To cap it all, the company almost collapsed in 2003-04, having drifted for years,
最要命的是，乐高在03年到04年已经走到破产的边缘。
diversifying into too many areas, producing too many products.
那时的乐高已迷茫多年，涉足领域过多，产品线过长。
and, in a fit of desperation, flirting with becoming a lifestyle company, with Lego-branded clothes and watches.
绝望中，它甚至起了念头想要变成一家生活方式公司，开始生产乐高牌的服装和手表。
Lego's decade of success began when it appointed Jorgen Vig Knudstorp as chief executive.
乐高十年的辉煌开始于任命Jorgen Vig Knudstorp为首席执行官。
This was a risky move:
这是一招险棋。
Mr Knudstorp was a mere 35 years old and had cut his teeth as a management consultant with McKinsey rather than running a business.
当时的Knudstorp只有35岁，商场上的历练也仅限于在麦肯锡做管理咨询，并未管理过一家公司。
But it proved to be inspired.
然而事实证明这招棋走对了。
Mr Knudstorp decreed that the company must go back to the brick: focusing on its core products, forgetting about brand-stretching, and even selling its theme parks.
Knudstorp命令公司回到积木生意，专注于核心产品，忘掉品牌拓展，甚至卖掉主题公园。
He also brought in stricter management controls, for example reducing the number of different pieces that the company produced from 12,900 to 7,000.
他还采用了更严格的管理制度，比如将组件从12900个减少到7000个。
Under Mr Knudstorp Lego has struck a successful balance between innovation and tradition.
在Knudstorp治下，乐高在创新与传统中找到了平衡。
The company has to generate new ideas to keep its sales growing:
为保证销售量持续增长，它必须不断推出新的创意，
customers need a reason to expand their stock of bricks, and to buy them from Lego rather than cheaper rivals.
才能给顾客足够理由买更多的积木，而且是从乐高而不是从更便宜的对手那儿买。
But at the same time it must resist the sort of undisciplined innovation that almost ruined it.
但同时它又必须避免没有章法的创新，当年它就是栽在这一点上。
Lego produces a stream of kits with ready-made designs, such as forts and spaceships, to provide children with templates.
乐高生产有各式各样的工具箱，里面装有现成的设计，比如城堡或者太空飞船，孩子们可以把它们当做模板。
But it also insists that the pieces can be added to the child's collection of bricks, and reused to make all sorts of other things.
不过它坚称，这些积木也可以和已有的积木混在一起，拼出其他的东西。
Lego has got better at managing its relationships.
乐高也学会了如何更好地处理与其他产业的关系。
The Lego Movie demonstrates how it can focus on the brick while venturing into the virtual world:
《乐高大电影》展现了它如何一方面专注做积木，一方面打入虚拟世界。
Warner Bros.made the film while Lego provided the models.
华纳兄弟拍电影，乐高提供模型。
更多双语文章》》 点击这里
During its years of drift it relied too much on other firms' blockbuster franchises,
在迷茫的那些年里，乐高过度依赖其他公司的系列大片，
such as Harry Potter and Star Wars.
如哈利波特或星球大战。
This time its intellectual property, not someone else's, is the star of the film.
这次电影的主角换成了它自己的创意。
It has also got better at tapping its legion of fans—particularly adult fans of Lego, or AFOLs—for new ideas.
同时它还懂得了如何更好地利用强大的乐高粉丝团，尤其是成年粉丝，来获取创意。
Can the company continue its winning streak?
乐高能够保持其辉煌的战绩吗?
Its growth is slowing: its net profits grew by 9% in 2013 compared with 35% in 2012, and its revenues rose by 10% compared with 23% in 2012.
它的增长正在放缓：2012年乐高净利润增长35%，2013年下降到了9%。2012年总收入增长23%，2013年只有10%。
Mr Knudstorp suggests that harder times are ahead: When the company is getting bigger and the market isn't growing,
Knudstorp也暗示未来的路不好走：当公司不断扩张而市场却保持不变时，增长率肯定得回到一个可持续的水平，
it's a pure mathematical consequence that growth rates will have to reach a more sustainable level.
这纯粹就是个数学问题。
Lego is now at an inflection point, building its organisational capacity and embracing globalisation, to help it find new sources of growth.
如今的乐高正处在转折点。通过提高管理水平，主动适应全球化，它在努力寻找新的增长点。
Last year the company invested DKr2.6 billion in production facilities and added more than 1,300 full-time workers, a 13% increase.
去年乐高在生产设备上共投资26亿丹麦马克，增加全职员工1300多名，增长达13%。
It is expanding two existing factories—in Kladno in the Czech Republic and Monterrey in Mexico—and building two new ones—in Nyiregyhaza in Hungary and,
如今它正在扩建捷克共和国克拉德诺和墨西哥蒙特雷的两家工厂，位于匈牙利尼尔吉哈萨
most important of all, in Jiaxing in China.
和最为重要的中国嘉兴的两家新工厂也在施工当中。
Its management is being globalised too, with regional offices being opened in Singapore and Shanghai.
管理层也日渐国际化，地区办公室已经开到了新加坡和上海，
The aim is twofold: to replicate in the rapidly growing east Lego's success in the west;
目的是在快速增长的东方复制乐高在西方的成功，
and to transform a local company that happened to go global into a global company that happens to have its head office in Billund.
并且将一个不小心走向全球的地方性公司转变为一个偶然把总部设在比伦德的跨国公司。
Late to the party
派对去晚了
Globalisation, as we point out at length in our business section this week, is fraught with difficulties.
全球化的路非常难走，本刊在这周的商业板块花了大篇幅阐明这个道理。
Lego is relatively late in making its China play—jumping in when some other western firms are jumping out with nothing but regrets to show for it.
乐高进入中国的时间相对较晚—正当一些西方公司一无所获充满悔恨的离开中国之时，它进来了。
Lego also owes its identity to its roots in small-town Denmark:
乐高的根仍在那个丹麦小镇：
Ole Kirk Kristiansen, its founder, made up the name from the first two letters of two Danish words, leg godt, or play well,
创始人奥勒取了两个丹麦单词leg godt前两个字母，拼在一起有了Lego，
and committed his company to nurture the child in each of us.
他给公司定的宗旨是养育每个人心中的那个孩子。
An earlier attempt to move some of the responsibilities for designing products to an office in Milan proved to be a disaster.
乐高曾将一些设计任务交给米兰的一间办公室来做，结果出了大问题。
But the logic of globalisation is nevertheless compelling.
然而全球化的诱惑仍让人无法抗拒。
The Chinese middle class is exploding, the toy business in the west is stagnant,
中国的中产阶级正呈爆炸性增长，而西方的玩具市场又停滞不前;
and Lego needs a global workforce if it is to serve a global market.
如果要打入全球市场，乐高也必须拥有一批全球性员工。
Lego also has one important force on its side in its battle to globalise:
在全球化的战役中，乐高还具备一支有生力量：
parents in emerging markets, just like those in the rich world, are convinced that the company's products are good for their children.
和发达国家一样，新兴国家的父母们相信乐高产品对他们的孩子有好处。
Grown-ups everywhere welcome it as a respite from the endless diet of videos and digital games that their offspring would otherwise consume.
世界各地的成年人都喜欢可高，因为它能将孩子们从无休止的电玩和数码游戏中解放出来。
Chinese adults, including those very grown-up ones in government ministries,
中国的成年人，包括政府部门的官员，
hope it will provide the secret ingredient that their education system sorely lacks:creativity.
希望乐高能够提供中国教育体系中匮乏的东西、也是国家发展的秘方：创造力。
The Lego Movie may be providing the company with a welcome boost during the toy industry's post-Christmas doldrums.
圣诞节过后是玩具业的淡季，《乐高大电影》也许在短期内能给这家公司注入一剂强心针。
But Lego's long-term success rests on the way adults feel reassured at buying a toy whose roots lie in an age before video games, mobile apps and toy-themed films.
然而从长期看，乐高若要成功，就必须让成年人能够放心地购买一个来自另一年代的玩具，那个没有电玩、移动应用或玩具主题电影的年代。
GRE阅读素材长知识 斑马竟然是这么来的
Are zebra stripes just an elaborateinsect repellent?
斑马身上的斑纹只是精致的驱虫器吗?
Imagine what it looks like to a fly
想象一下这在蝇的眼里是幅什么样的画面
HOW the zebra got his stripes sounds like the title of one of RudyardKipling's Just So stories.
斑马为什么会长条纹捏这听上去有点像Rudyard Kipling的书《原来如此》里面文章的标题。
Sadly, it isn't, so the question has, instead,been left to zoologists.
可惜啊，这不是其中的标题，所以这个问题的答案就成了动物学家的任务。
这篇阅读材料还有MP3音频哦!下载>>传送门
But they, too, have let their imaginations rip. Somehave suggested camouflage.
然而，这些动物学家们也是天马行空。一些人认为是保护色。
Others suggest they are a way to display anindividual's fitness.
其他人则认为条纹是一种个体属性的彰显方式。
Irregular stripes would let potential mates know thatsomeone was not up to snuff.
不规则的条纹给潜在伴侣传递出不达标的信息。
One researcher proposed that stripes are to zebrawhat faces are to people,
有位研究人员认为斑马的条纹就像人的脸一样，
allowing them to recognise each other, since everyanimal has a unique stripe-print.
由于每个斑马的条纹都独一无二，可以让同类彼此辨认。
Another even speculated that predators mightget dizzy watching a herd of stripes gallop by.
还有些人甚至认为捕食者看到一群条纹在面前飞奔会晕头转向。
There is,however, one other idea: that stripes are a sophisticated form of flyrepellent.
但是还有这样一种想法：条纹是一种精致的防蝇器。
It was originally dreamed up in the 1980s, but never proved.
这种想法产生于20世纪80年代，但是从未被证明。
Now, ateam of investigators led by Gabor Horvath of Eotvos University in Budapestreport in the Journal of experimental Biology thatthey think they have done so.
现在，由坐落于Budapest的Eotvos大学的Gabor Horvath带领着一组研究人员在《实验生物学报》上发表了一篇论文认为他们证明了这一想法。
The original suggestion was that stripes repel tsetse flies.
原本的猜想是说条纹是为了避免舌蝇。
These insectscarry sleeping sickness, which is as much a bane of ungulates as it is of people.
这些小昆虫带有昏睡病，对人类和有蹄类动物同样致害。
But tsetses are not the only dipteran foes of zebra and,
但是舌蝇并非是斑马唯一的长着翅膀的敌人，
since they arerarely found in the meadows of Hungary,
因为舌蝇在匈牙利的草原上并不常见。
Dr Horvath plumped for studying analmost equally obnoxious alternative: the horsefly.
Horvath转而研究一种同样恼人的替代品：马蝇。
Horseflies, too, transmit disease.
马蝇也同样传播疾病。
They also bite incessantly, thuskeeping grazing beasts from their dinner.
它们属于寄生式叮咬，因此使得这些动物进食减少。
Indeed, previous research has shownthat fly attacks on horses and cattle reduce their body fat and milkproduction.
的确有研究表明被马蝇袭击的马和牛出现了身体脂肪和产奶量下降的现象。
Such research has also shown something odd:
这些研究还出现了一些奇怪的现象：
horseflies attack blackhorses in preference to white ones.
相对于白马，马蝇更喜欢叮咬黑马。
That fact got Dr Horvath wondering how theywould react to a striped horse—in other words, a zebra.
这一事实使得Horvath博士十分好奇马蝇会对一个条纹马，也就是斑马作何反应。
Actual zebra are hard to experiment on.
很难对真实的斑马做实验。
They insist on moving around andswishing their tails.
它们一直在动来动去并且甩着尾巴。
The team therefore conducted their study using inanimateobjects.
因此这组研究人员用非生命体来进行实验。
Some were painted uniformly dark or uniformly light,
一些实验对象被涂成纯白色或者纯黑色，
and some hadstripes of various widths.
还有一些则被涂成宽度各异的条纹图案。
更多双语文章》》 点击这里
Some were plastic trays filled with salad oil.
其中有些是充满色拉油的塑料架子。
Some were glue-covered boards. And some wereactual models of zebra.
一些是胶合纸板做的。还有一些是真实的斑马。
They put these objects in a field infested withhorseflies and counted the number of insects they trapped.
他们把这些实验对象放到一个充满马蝇的场地，然后计算被吸引的马蝇数目。
Their first discovery was that stripes attracted fewer flies than solid,uniform colours.
他们第一个发现是条纹的比纯色的吸引的马蝇少。
As intriguingly, though, they also found that the leastattractive pattern of stripes was precisely those of the sort of width found onzebra hides.
然而，耐人寻味的是他们还发现吸引力最小的条纹花式正是斑马身上的条纹样式。
Zebra stripes do, therefore, seem to repel horseflies.
因此，斑马的条纹看起来真的能够防马蝇。
Exactly why is unclear.
至于为什么会这样还是个谜团。
But Dr Horvath thinks it might be related to a horsefly'sability to see polarised light,
但是Horvath博士认为这可能与马蝇识别偏振光的能力有关，
which imposes a sense of horizontal andvertical on an image.
偏振光是从水平和垂直方向打在画面上的。
Horseflies are known to prefer horizontal polarisedlight.
众所周知马蝇偏向于水平偏振光。
Possibly, the mostly vertical stripes on a zebra confuse the fly's tinybrain and thus stop it seeing the animal.
所以极有可能是斑马身上垂直的条纹迷惑了马蝇的小脑袋，因此阻碍了马蝇发现斑马。
Another obvious question, though, is why other species have not evolvedthis elegant form of fly repellent,
然而，还有一个显而易见的问题就是为什么其他的物种没有进化出来这种精致的防蝇方式，
and what the consequences would have beenif they had.
以及如果其他物种也进化成这样的后果。
If humans, for example, were black-and-white striped,
例如，如果人类是黑白条纹的，
then thehistory of intercommunal violence the species has suffered when different raceshave met might not have been quite as bad.
那么当不同种族相遇而遭受的两族间的暴力历史或许也没那么坏。
One for Kipling to have pondered,perhaps?
这也许是Kipling需要思考的一个问题?
