GRE阅读猜生词4个技巧实例讲解
GRE阅读猜生词4个技巧实例讲解 ,看不懂阅读词汇还能抢救我们一起来看看吧，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
GRE阅读猜生词4个技巧实例讲解 看不懂阅读词汇还能抢救
先看懂体现论证意义的词汇
GRE文章是论证性文字，不是说明性文字，也不是叙述性文字。这种以论证为特点的文字，存在于GRE阅读文章的各个层面：“篇章—段落—句子—单词”。篇章由多个论点组成，论点由作为论据的句子构成，句子本身的典型构成是前后句由表示论证关系的词汇连接，而体现论证的意义的单词最重要。因此，要真懂得文章，就必须把所有那些表现论证的字、词、句抓出。
对不影响整体理解的词汇不用理会
首先要说的是，在阅读教学的研究当中，语言学家们发现，一篇文章中不认识的单词占全文词汇总量的比例只要控制在8%以内，是绝对不会影响到我们对全文任何观点的理解的。基于这一点，我们大家大可不必因为遇到了几个我们完全没见过的奇形怪状的单词而感到头痛和挣扎。因为它们不足以对我们理解文章产生影响。
结合文中定义解释理解特定生词
但同时，我们在阅读文章的过程中也常常会碰到这样的一种单词，那就是专有名词，尤其是涉及全文主题的专有名词，难道我们就必须一一认识它?答案显然是否定的。什么叫做认识专有名词?从英到汉的翻译叫做认识?还是知道专有名词的特征叫做认识?读者请想想看，我们在阅读理解中有没有遇到过这样的问题提法：What is sedge root? 我想没有，因为这种问法是在问专有名词的翻译。我们遇到的更多是这样的一些问法：According to the passage, which of the following statements about sedge root is true? What can be inferred from the passage about sedge root? 这些问题的提法却是在问专有名词的文中阐述特征。我们再从文章本身对这个问题做出进一步的分析。
假设原文有这样一句话：Sedge root, a woody fiber that can be easily separated into strands, is essential to basketry production. 请问sedge root的中文翻译“莎草的根” 能够帮助我们解决阅读理解题目吗?我想很难!真正能够帮助我们解决阅读理解题目的应该是这样的文字a woody fiber (木制纤维)和定语从句中的文字部分can be easily separated into strands (能够轻易地被分割成线)。通过以上的分析，想必大家已经非常清楚地认识到，过去我们拼命去死记硬背专有名词的中文释义是多么愚蠢的行为。因为真正的认识应该是对特征的认识，所以一个专有名词和他的中文释义对我们来说是没有任何意义的，毕竟我们对它们都没有任何的概念。
只看上下文猜不出生词意思
最后很多人都说我们可以从上下文中猜出单词的释义，难道真的是这样么? 笔者认为从上下文中猜出单词的释义是不现实的。例如有这样一句话“Supernova is a massive star which undergoes gravitational collapse.” 我们是不可能从上下文中猜出supernova的释义“超新星”的。而我们真正能够做到的只是从上下文中猜出单词的特征：supernova是巨大的恒星(massive star)，它在进行引力收缩(undergoes gravitational collapse)。于是以后当我们遇到不认识的单词，我们可以再也不用停下来思考单词的释义，也不用费尽思量地去猜所谓的单词的释义，我们需要做的只是静下心来在后面找到单词在文章当中传达的特征就可以。
以上的介绍希望对同学们的GRE考试有所帮助。同学们在gre备考时多积累练习，才可以在gre考试中运用的得心应手。小编预祝同学们在gre考试中取得好的成绩。
新GRE阅读长难句中译英练习
1. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners: and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.
2. Towns like Bournemouth and East bourne sprang up to house large "comfortable" classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the management.
3. The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good.
4. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away.
5. Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country's excellent elementary schools: a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, "spatial" thinking about things technological.
[参考译文]
1. [参考译文]这样巨大而非个人的对资金和产业的操纵极大地增加了股东的数量和他们作为一个阶级的重要性，这是国家生活中代表不负责任的财富的一个因素，这种财富不但远离了土地和土地拥有者的责任，而且几乎同样与公司的负责任的管理毫无关系。
2.[参考译文]像伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本这样的城镇的涌现是为了给那些数量很多的"舒适"阶级提供居住场所。这些人依赖于其丰厚收入而不工作，他们除了分红和偶尔参加一下股东大会，向管理层口授一下自己的命令之外，跟社会的其他阶层毫无瓜葛。
3.[参考译文]这样的"股东"对他拥有股份的公司所雇用的工人们的生活、思想和需求一无所知，而且他们对劳资双方的关系都不会产生积极的影响。
4.[参考译文]代表公司的花钱雇来的经理与工人及其需求的关系更加直接，但是就连他对工人们也没有那种熟识的私人之间的了解。而在现在正在消失的古老家族公司的那种更加家长式的制度下的雇主们却常常对他们的工人有这样的私人关系。
5.[参考译文]在许多形成因素当中，我将挑选出这些：这个国家优秀的小学教育：欢迎新技术的劳动者们：奖励发明者的做法;而且最重要的是美国人在对那些技术性事物的非言语的、"空间性的"思考方面的天赋。
GRE阅读练习每日一篇
The dark regions in the starry night sky are not pockets in the universe that are devoid of stars as had long been thought. Rather, they are dark because of interstellar dust that hides the stars behind it. Although its visual effect is so pronounced, dust is only a minor constituent of the material, extremely low in density, that lies between the stars. Dust accounts for about one percent of the total mass of interstellar matter. The rest is hydrogen and helium gas, with small amounts of other elements. The interstellar material, rather like terrestrial clouds, comes in all shapes and sizes. The average density of interstellar material in the vicinity of our Sun is 1,000 to 10,000 times less than the best terrestrial laboratory vacuum. It is only because of the enormous interstellar distances that so little material per unit of volume becomes so significant. Optical astronomy is most directly affected, for although interstellar gas is perfectly transparent, the dust is not.
17. According to the passage, which of the following is a direct perceptual consequence of interstellar dust?
(A) Some stars are rendered invisible to observers on Earth.
(B) Many visible stars are made to seem brighter than they really are.
(C) The presence of hydrogen and helium gas is revealed.
(D) The night sky appears dusty at all times to observers on Earth.
(E) The dust is conspicuously visible against a background of bright stars.
18. It can be inferred from the passage that the density of interstellar material is
(A) higher where distances between the stars are shorter
(B) equal to that of interstellar dust
(C) unusually low in the vicinity of our Sun
(D) independent of the incidence of gaseous components
(E) not homogeneous throughout interstellar space
19. It can be inferred from the passage that it is because space is so vast that
(A) little of the interstellar material in it seems substantial
(B) normal units of volume seem futile for measurements of density
(C) stars can be far enough from Earth to be obscured even by very sparsely distributed matter
(D) interstellar gases can, for all practical purposes, be regarded as transparent
(E) optical astronomy would be of little use even if no interstellar dust existed
In his 1976 study of slavery in the United States, Herbert Gutman, like Fogel, Engerman, and Genovese, has rightly stressed the slaves’ achievements. But unlike these historians, Gutman gives plantation owners little credit for these achievements. Rather, Gutman argues that one must look to the Black family and the slaves’ extended kinship system to understand how crucial achievements, such as the maintenance of a cultural heritage and the development of a communal consciousness, were possible. His findings compel attention.
Gutman recreates the family and extended kinship structure mainly through an ingenious use of what any historian should draw upon (draw upon: 利用), quantifiable data, derived in this case mostly from plantation birth registers. He also uses accounts of ex-slaves to probe the human reality behind his statistics. These sources indicate that the two-parent household predominated in slave quarters just as it did among freed slaves after emancipation. Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent, he shows that the slaves’ preference, revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent, was very much for stable monogamy. In less conclusive fashion Fogel, Engerman, and Genovese had already indicated the predominance of two-parent households; however, only Gutman emphasizes the preference for stable monogamy and points out what stable monogamy meant for the slaves’ cultural heritage. Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged the transmission of—and so was crucial in sustaining—the Black heritage of folklore, music, and religious expression from one generation to another, a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences.
Gutman’s examination of other facets of kinship also produces important findings. Gutman discovers that cousins rarely married, an exogamous tendency that contrasted sharply with the endogamy practiced by the plantation owners. This preference for exogamy, Gutman suggests, may have derived from West African rules governing marriage, which, though they differed from one tribal group to another, all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin. This taboo against cousins’ marrying is important, argues Gutman, because it is one of many indications of a strong awareness among slaves of an extended kinship network. The fact that distantly related kin would care for children separated from their families also suggests this awareness. When blood relationships were few, as in newly created plantations in the Southwest, “fictive” kinship arrangements took their place until a new pattern of consanguinity developed. Gutman presents convincing evidence that this extended kinship structure—which he believes developed by the mid-to-late eighteenth century—provided the foundations for the strong communal consciousness that existed among slaves.
In sum, Gutman’s study is significant because it offers a closely reasoned and original explanation of some of the slaves’ achievements, one that correctly emphasizes the resources that slaves themselves possessed.
20. According to the passage, Fogel, Engerman, Genovese, and Gutman have all done which of the following?
I. Discounted the influence of plantation owners on slaves’ achievements.
II. Emphasized the achievements of slaves.
III. Pointed out the prevalence of the two-parent household among slaves.
IV. Showed the connection between stable monogamy and slaves’ cultural heritage.
(A) I and II only
(B) I and IV only
(C) II and III only
(D) I, III, and IV only
(E) II, III, and IV only
21. With which of the following statements regarding the resources that historians ought to use would the author of the passage be most likely to agree?
(A) Historians ought to make use of written rather than oral accounts.
(B) Historians should rely primarily on birth registers.
(C) Historians should rely exclusively on data that can be quantified.
(D) Historians ought to make use of data that can be quantified.
(E) Historians ought to draw on earlier historical research but they should do so in order to refute it.
22. Which of the following statements about the formation of the Black heritage of folklore, music, and religious expression is best supported by the information presented in the passage?
(A) The heritage was formed primarily out of the experiences of those slaves who attempted to preserve the stability of their families.
(B) The heritage was not formed out of the experiences of those slaves who married their cousins.
(C) The heritage was formed more out of the African than out of the American experiences of slaves.
(D) The heritage was not formed out of the experiences of only a single generation of slaves.
(E) The heritage was formed primarily out of slaves’ experiences of interdependence on newly created plantations in the Southwest.
23. It can be inferred from the passage that, of the following, the most probable reason why a historian of slavery might be interested in studying the type of plantations mentioned in line 25 is that this type would
(A) give the historian access to the most complete plantation birth registers
(B) permit the historian to observe the kinship patterns that had been most popular among West African tribes
(C) provide the historian with evidence concerning the preference of freed slaves for stable monogamy
(D) furnish the historian with the opportunity to discover the kind of marital commitment that slaves themselves chose to have
(E) allow the historian to examine the influence of slaves’ preferences on the actions of plantation owners
24. According to the passage, all of the following are true of the West African rules governing marriage mentioned in lines 46-50 EXCEPT:
(A) The rules were derived from rules governing fictive kinship arrangements.
(B) The rules forbade marriages between close kin.
(C) The rules are mentioned in Herbert Gutman’s study.
(D) The rules were not uniform in all respects from one West African tribe to another.
(E) The rules have been considered to be a possible source of slaves’ marriage preferences.
25. Which of the following statements concerning the marriage practices of plantation owners during the period of Black slavery in the United States can most logically be inferred from the information in the passage?
(A) These practices began to alter sometime around the mid-eighteenth century.
(B) These practices varied markedly from one region of the country to another.
(C) Plantation owners usually based their choice of marriage partners on economic considerations.
(D) Plantation owners often married earlier than slaves.
(E) Plantation owners often married their cousins.
26. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?
(A) The author compares and contrasts the work of several historians and then discusses areas for possible new research.
(B) The author presents his thesis, draws on the work of several historians for evidence to support his thesis, and concludes by reiterating his thesis.
(C) The author describes some features of a historical study and then uses those features to put forth his own argument.
(D) The author summarizes a historical study, examines two main arguments from the study, and then shows how the arguments are potentially in conflict with one another.
(E) The author presents the general argument of a historical study, describes the study in more detail, and concludes with a brief judgments of the study’s value.
27. Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage, based on its content?
(A) The Influence of Herbert Gutman on Historians of Slavery in the United States
(B) Gutman’s Explanation of How Slaves Could Maintain a Cultural Heritage and Develop a Communal Consciousness
(C) Slavery in the United States: New Controversy About an Old Subject
(D) The Black Heritage of Folklore, Music, and Religious Expression: Its Growing Influence
(E) The Black Family and Extended Kinship Structure: How They Were Important for the Freed Slave
答案：17-27：AECCDDDAEEB
