托福独立口语如何转换答题思路
托福口语对考生逻辑论述能力要求比较高，需要我们在提供观点时，解释清楚原因，提供例子和细节去支持原因。下面小编就和大家分享托福独立口语书籍类话题如何转换答题思路，希望能够帮助大家，来欣赏一下吧。
托福独立口语书籍类话题如何转换答题思路
首先我们要明白一个道理：托福口语对考生逻辑论述能力要求比较高，需要我们在提供观点时，解释清楚原因，提供例子和细节去支持原因。
我们来看一个经典Task 1，来自官方真题Official1：
Talk about a book you read that was important to you for some reason. Explain why the book was important to you. Give specific details and examples to support your answer.
这个题就是需要考生描述一本重要的书籍，还要给出重要的理由。在这里，我们要知道，考官并不真的在乎我们要说的书是什么!题目需要我们展示的是书为什么重要、如何重要，并不一定要讲述书的内容。只要我们在答题时留言流畅，和话题相关就可以得到不错的分数。
所以大家的思路转换大法是：
1.谈感受
例如：故事很有趣，我们可以这么说：The story in the book was so interesting and appealing that once I began to read it, I couldn’t stop. /The book was so fun to read that I couldn’t help laughing every time I read it. It brought me a lot of happiness.
再或者：故事很有意义，我们可以这么说：The story in the book was not only exciting but also inspiring. It taught me so much about the world we were living and showed me different ways people thought. /The story was meaningful and inspiring. It taught me to keep going and never give up, which is the most important lesson in life.
2.谈功能
例如：书本可能会对你的学业有帮助，我们可以说：The book is beneficial to my academic learning. It provides much extra information on my major courses in addition to school textbooks.
又或者：此书还可能帮你交到朋友：To be honest, I met my girlfriend thanks to this book. We were sitting in the reading room next to each other and reading the same book! What a coincidence! Then we began to talk about how much we liked the writer and his books. Next thing you knew, she gave me her number!
说到这里，有些学生会说“那我想不出来什么书怎么办?”没关系，我们可以make up一本书，或者随便挑一本你知道的但没看过的书(考官并不是博学到什么书都看过~)。因为我们在前面说过了，考官不需要你说出书的具体内容，所以你看没看过都没关系，只要能自信的“侃侃而谈”，谈谈感受，谈谈功能，流畅地说够45秒，这个任务也就圆满完成啦~
托福口语考试阅读的核心
一般来讲，任何一个段落无论长短都会涉及问题的一个方面，也就是说每个段落往往要围绕一个主题展开。如东一句，西一句，文章的脉络就不会清晰，读者也就无从抓住重点。段落无论长短都会有说明主题的句子，我们称它为主题句(Key Sentence / Topic Sentence)。抓住主题句就等于抓住了段落的中心。因而，准确判断并找出主题句相当重要。主题句一般会出现在段首或段尾，起概括全段的作用。主题句也可以出现在段中，同时还可以首尾呼应，段落结束时再次强调本段落的中心思想。请看下面的例子：
例1：阅读下面的段落：Students today socialise in ways quite unlike those of their parents. One of the primary differences is the use and abuse of drugs. During the ‘60s and ‘70s, students were known to smoke the odd joint and occasionally take harder substances, whereas according to recent polls, students today are using ever larger quantities of drugs on an ever more regular basis. Whilst cannabis is still the drug of choice among young people, synthetic drugs such as ecstasy and harder drugs such as cocaine and even heroine are being taken by an increasing number of students. Drugs are much more readily available to students and are much cheaper than ever before.段首句为主题句：“Students today socialize in ways quite unlike those of their parents.”它揭示了这段的中心思想是“现在的学生以一种不同于他们父母所采用的方式进行着社会活动。”余下的各个句子都是以具体的事例来支持说明这一中心论点的。例2：阅读下面的段落：We surveyed local residents in three university towns throughout the state to find out their opinions on the students in those towns. We questioned over three thousand people and found that since our last survey three years ago, attitudes towards students have changed considerably. “Lazy,” “scruffy” and “bad-mannered” was how more than 40% of those questioned described students, up from 22% in the last survey. This year only 25% considered students to be “polite” and “friendly” compared with 39% three years ago. Overall, 49% considered students to be a positive part of the town compared to 58% last time.这次调查发现，与三年前的一次调查相比，人们对于学生的态度产生了相当大的变化。这是本段的主题。然后用具体的百分比数字说明这一中心观点。主题句在段落中间。例3：阅读下面的段落：Now let’s look at an interesting example with color. If you own a blue car, you know it is blue, even it is in bright sunlight, in darkness or under a yellow street light. Your eyes tell you that it changes color in these different situations, but your brain knows better. You have learnt that cars don’t change color all time, and so your brain interprets the information your eyes give you.主题句在段尾：“你的大脑在解释你的眼睛传递给它的信息。”前面有关蓝色汽车的例子正是为说明这一观点服务的。
主题句固然可以很好地向读者说明段落的中心思想，但阅读中我们常常会发现，有时很难在具体的位置找到一个明显的能说明主题的句子。这时就需要我们对段落的整体内容进行归纳总结，高度概括提炼出它的中心思想。注意到了主题句的位置，抓住了主题句，就等于抓住了段落的中心思想。除此之外，阅读时还应注意一些进一步归纳总结的词汇和短语的使用以及其他一些措辞，因为这些词的使用可以就什么是主题为读者提供有用的线索。
托福口语考试中的句子关系
句子之间的关系多种多样，常见的有：并列关系、因果关系、递进关系、转折关系和相互解释关系。Women could and did play a part in this process of settlement. Iceland, for instance, was uninhabited, and a permanent population could only be established if women also made the journey there. (后一句的具体事例为前一句提供说明与解释)People borrowed more and more money so that they could buy these shares. Because of this, the American people started to believe that share prices could only go up further. (“because of”明显的因果关系)Astronomy is a science that deals with all the celestial bodies in the universe. Astronomy includes the study of planets and their satellites, comets and meteors, stars and interstellar matter, star systems and clusters. (后一句是对前一句celestial bodies 的进一步解释)Previously it was believed that due to the Archaeopteryx’s (始祖鸟) underdeveloped anatomy, it would not have been able to fly. However, research by the London Natural History Museum into its brain developed and that it had good vision and a good sense of balance — all the requirements for a creature to be able to fly. (“However”转折对比)
阅读时，我们可以根据段落中出现的一些信号词(Signal Words)来判断句子与句子之间的关系，掌握段落发展线索，来调整阅读速度，提高阅读质量。1.显示相同信息的信号词：There has been an upsurge of interest in chamber music. Likewise opera is receiving a boost from increased record sales.“likewise”这一信号词显示了前面所提到的idea后面还要再一次出现。因此，阅读时见到这样的信号词无须放慢阅读速度。这样的信号词还包括：and, furthermore, more, than, that, also, likewise, moreover, in addition, what is more, for instance, for example2.显示思路转折的信号词：
I’d like to go but I’m too busy.“but”前后是完全不同的信息描述，它向读者显示了作者的思路在这里有了转折。阅读时，碰到这样的信号词我们需放慢阅读速度，以准确获取作者真正想要说明的意思。这类信号词还有：although, however, on the contrary, but, in spite of, otherwise, despite, nevertheless, yet3.显示因果关系的信号词：
As a result of the pilots’ strike, all flights have had to be cancelled.
All flights have had to be cancelled as a result of the pilots’ strike.所有航班被取消的原因是因为飞行员们的罢工;飞行员们的罢工导致了所有的航班不得不被取消。显示因果关系的信号词还有：for, thus, because, for this reason, so, therefore, as, since, consequently4.显示顺序的信号词：Internet speeds communication between companies, among co-workers through video-conferences, and among other individuals. First, media companies use the Internet for online news, or to broadcast audio and video, including live radio and television programs, while individuals use the Internet for communication, entertainment, finding information, buying and selling goods and services. Second, the notion of distance disappears thanks to the Internet. People also enjoy instant messaging to exchange text messages or pictures in real time, with real-time video and sound. Finally, scientists and scholars use the Internet to perform research, distribute lecture notes or course materials to students, they communicate with colleagues, and can also publish papers and articles.抓住了这样的信号词就把握住了作者叙述的顺序，也就分清了相对独立的论据。这样的信号词包括：first, second, third, and so on, then, after, before, next, last, afterward, finally5.表示结论/总结的信号词：In conclusion, I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.词组“in conclusion”前面所提到的一些信息将在这里被归纳总结。读到带有这样的信号词或短语的句子时，应格外留心注意，它们往往会向我们提示相关段落的核心信息。表示结论或总结的信号词和短语还有：as a result, finally, therefore, accordingly, in short, thus, consequently, in conclusion, so, in brief, in a word
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