2020翻译资格考试需注意四大翻译原则
翻译资格考试需注意四大翻译原则你知道是什么吗?今天小编给大家带来了翻译资格考试需注意四大翻译原则，希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
翻译资格考试需注意四大翻译原则
考生在翻译动宾短语的时候，应先考虑宾语的成分。宾语可能为名词、名词词组和句子。不同成分的宾语决定了谓语的使用。比如在以下例子中“希望”的选择面很大，既可以用hope连接句子，也可以用hope for，look forward to等连接名词词组，那么考生就得考虑宾语更容易翻译成词组或句子。因此，动宾连接原则的核心思想是“先宾语，后谓语”，翻译会豁然开朗。
中国人民始终希望天下太平，希望各国人民友好相处。
The Chinese people are always looking forward to global peace and friendship among all nations.
The Chinese people are always hoping that the world is at peace and people of all nations will coexist friendlily.
一、时态原则
时态在翻译中比不像想象中那么简单，往往是考试中的一个难点。时态有时可以体现一种感情因素，特别是进行时的使用，比如在第一个例子中现在进行时的使用体现出对中华民族的一种褒扬、赞美的口吻，翻译出了这句话的“精、气、神”，最后一个例子中过去进行时时常表示一种“特有的行为”，通常是偏向于negative的口吻，所以我们发现这句话十有八九是美国人自己写的。
中华民族历来爱好自由和和平。
The Chinese people have always been cherishing freedom and peace.
The Chinese people always cherish freedom and peace.
The Chinese people are always cherishing freedom and peace.
中国过去是、现在是、将来是……
China was and remains to be …
中国人民更深感自由与和平的珍贵。
The Chinese people have cherished freedom and peace than ever.
届时，……
At that time, ……
到2007年，上海市人均国内生产总值预计达到7500美元。
By 2007, the per capita GDP in Shanghai is expected to reach US$7500.
从而我们可能要生活在一个根本无法掌控的经济体制中。
As a result we were going to be living in a fundamentally unmanaged economic system.
毕竟中国、古巴等一些在......委员会中受到以美国为首批评的国家，总是投票或游说反对美国政府。
After all, China and Cuba and other targets of U.S. –led criticism in the committee were always going to vote and lobby against Washington.
二、主语确定原则
由于英语是主语显著语(subject-prominent language)，构建在主谓轴(subject-predicate pivot)上，主语决定了句法结构;汉语为语义性语言，其中主语的重要性相对较低，无主语的现象比比皆是。因此在汉英转化中最重要的就是确定主语，主语选择成功了，句子越翻越顺;选择失败，考生越翻越累。主语的确定归根结底有三种方法：使用原主语;重新确定主语;增补主语。
这一目标的实现，最直接的应该是老百姓住得更宽敞了，更舒服了。
The citizens will live more spaciously and comfortably, benefiting most directly from achieving the goal.
然而，持自由论观点的民众和少数民族反对一切美国公民必须随身携带身份证的规定，他们结成联盟，了立法的最初几次草案中关于实施全国统一身份证的主张。
The idea of a national ID, however, was locked out of earlier drafts of legislation by a coalition of civil rights and ethnic groups, who opposed a requirement that all non-citizens carry identifying documents.
其实，撇开数学，绕过那一大堆公式，一门学科的基本思想还是可以被我们理解和欣赏的。
To be frank, if we leave aside mathematics and bypass the abundant formulas, the basic principles of the discipline (of science) are understandable and appreciable.
无论是外人入境，或是文化入侵，政府都已无能为力。
They cannot control who crosses their borders either physically or culturally.
从地雷禁用条款到京都防止气候变暖条约等一些列问题，美国政府总是对国际舆论置若罔闻，使得这些(倒戈)国家越来越失望/懊恼。
They have been increasingly chagrined by Washington’s tendency to ignore the international consensus on issues ranging from the use of land mines to the Kyoto climate change treaty.
三、谓语最小化原则
在汉译英中，动词的考察是必然的。其中动词和其他成分的转换也是重中之重。如果考生把所有的动词都翻译成动词的话，只能说明其还属于“入门”境界。因此在第一个例子中共出现7个动词，而在译文中只保留了4个动词。所以我们在翻译中一定要注意动词和其他词性的转换，常见减少谓语的方法有：
a) 把动词变成名词
b) 使用介词短语
c) 使用分词短语
d) 多使用to表示目的的状语
e) 把并列谓语中最后一个谓语处理成“，which”的非限制性定语从句
虽然以上这些方法从本质上讲都是些小打小闹的“噱头”，但是不重视谓语的省略一定不会取得理想的成绩。
今年的亚太经济贸易合作组织会议将主要侧重两个方面：一是加强亚太经合组织成员之间的合作，共同应对可能出现的经济衰退，重树信心;二是继续推进亚太经合组织贸易投资自由化进程，推动世界贸易组织尽早开始新一轮谈判。
The APEC meeting in this year will focus mainly on two aspects: one is on strengthening the cooperation among all APEC members to cope with the possible economic recession with rebuilt-up confidence; the other is on promoting the liberalization of trade and investment among all APEC members for the start of a new round of negotiations by WTO.
显然，许多美国的传统支持国家没有投票支持美国，以此对美国奉行单边主义表示不满。
Many traditional U.S. supporters clearly withdrew their votes to signal displeasure over U.S. unilateralism.
四、动宾换序原则
在英译汉中，遇上特别长的宾语，初学者总是根据语法习惯亦步亦趋地处理主、谓、宾，结果造成庞大的宾语，头轻脚重，特别不符合汉语的习惯，汉语之所以不喜欢宾语从句，在于汉语喜用主谓短句，对于较长的宾语，一般有两种处理方式：一是把谓语变成直接能够接宾语的表达形式，如react to不必翻译成“对…作出反应”，可变成“面对…”，这种方法在口译中常常出现，因为口译往往无暇考虑句式的大变动;二是把宾语先译出，然后再译出主谓，如第一个例子，或使用谓语的相反含义，再接上原主语，如第二个例子，sustain表示“决定了”，那反义短语就是“取决于”。
The rest of the world will have to react to this millennial economic shift to Asia, and to the rising power of China.
在新千年，经济重心将向亚洲转移，中国将迅速崛起，世界其他地区将不得不对此做出反应。
The project budget sustains both the existence of graduate students and the fiscal solvency of the university.
研究生是否存在，大学是否存在资金偿还能力，这些都取决于项目预算。
2020年翻译资格考试笔译三级强化题
福建福信一珍生物工程有限公司是由福建省洪山企业集团公司与香港福信投资有限公司合资兴办的高科技企业，注册资本两千万元人民币。
With a registered capital of 20 million RMB, Fujian Good First Yizhen Biological Co. Ltd. is a high-tech enterprise jointly run by Fujian Hongshan Group and Hong Kong Good First Investment Corp. Ltd.
公司生产基地位于国家级科技园区——福州科技园区洪山园内。公司拥有雄厚的技术力量，大、中专毕业以上的技术、管理人才占员工总数的百分之三十以上，并与国内多家科研机构建立了紧密型的合作关系。于若木、沈治平、卢圣栋等中国著名的营养学、生物学、医学专家受聘担任公司的高级顾问。
The production base of the company is located in Hongshan High-Tech Park of Fuzhou, one of the national-grade high-tech development parks. Boasting tremendous technological strength, the company owns a well-qualified management and staff. It has also established close cooperative relationships with several research organizations at home. Some renowned specialists in nutriology, biology and medicine such as Yu Ruomu, Sheng Zhiping and Lu Shengdong have been invited by the corporation as senior advisors.
公司环境优美，设备先进，拥有中国第一条年产三十吨核酸花粉合剂的现代化生产线。第二、第三条生产线亦将陆续建成。公司运用高新技术提取植物精华，制成“中华一珍”核酸花粉合剂，解决了人类长期普遍缺乏核酸的医学、营养学难题，在中国近五千种营养保健品中独树一帜，后来居上。
Cradled in a lovely landscape, the company is equipped with advanced facilities, among which is China's first modern production line capable of producing annually 30 tons of nucleic acid pollen mixture. And there will soon be the second and the third production lines. With the essence extracted from plants by employing high and new technologies, the company has succeeded in developing“China Yizhen”(China' s Unique Treasure)nucleic acid pollen mixture, which helps to solve the long- standing difficult problem for doctors and dietitians of human body' s lack of nucleic acid. This has made “China Yizhen” uniquely felt among nearly five thousand nutriments and tonics in China.
公司以“唯公有福，唯诚有信”的福信企业精神和“团结、拼搏、务实、创新、奉献”的洪山集团企业精神为动力，锐意进取，蒸蒸日上。
“Good business comes from a keen awareness of public welfare, and the first thing to earn credit is sincerity.”This has been the business idea of Good First. Adhering to this as well as to the spirit of “unity, striving, hard work, innovation and commitment”advocated by Hongshan Group, Fujian Good First Yizhen Biological Co. Ltd. is now forging ahead towards a better tomorrow.
这是一份公司简介，其中除介绍公司的情况外，对其产品也作了简略的宣传。为达到让译文读者对该公司及其所生产的产品留下深刻印象，促其购买产品的目的，用词要富有鼓动性，一些关键之处要处理好。
如在中文语境中，“大、中专毕业以上的技术、管理人才占员工总数的百分之三十以上”也许可以算得上是“公司拥有雄厚的技术力量”的证明，但在英语语境中就会显得牵强可笑，若直译作：Boasting tremendous technological strength, the company owns a technical and managerial staff with either specialized secondary education or higher education which accounts for 30% of the total number of its employees …这样的表述将完全不利于译文预期功能的实现。因此这里须作必要的删减，去掉一些细节，概括性地译为“Boasting tremendous technological strength, the company owns a well- qualified management and staff”(公司技术力量雄厚，拥有高水平的管理层和员工)。
另外，公司名称中“福信”(Good First)两字与其企业精神有关，在翻译“唯公有福，唯诚有信”时要自然地将其融入其中;从语言特点来看，标语口号式的文字在汉语中常常是动词性结构，如原文中的“团结、拼搏、务实、创新、奉献”，但英语中则习惯用名词性结构。
2020年翻译资格考试笔译三级强化题
观人类发展历史，创新始终是一个国家、一个民族发展的重要力量，也始终是推动人类社会进步的重要力量。不创新不行，创新慢了也不行。如果我们不识变、不应变、不求变，就可能陷入战略被动，错失发展机遇，甚至错过整整一个时代。
The history of human development proves that innovation has always been important for promoting the development of a country and its people as well as human society. One will fall behind without innovation, and just as much if one is too slow in innovation. We will face strategic passiveness and miss opportunities for development – or miss an entire era – if we fail to seek, recognize and respond to change.
实施创新驱动发展战略，是应对发展环境变化、把握发展自主权、提高核心竞争力的必然选择，是加快转变经济发展方式、po解经济发展深层次矛盾和问题的必然选择，是更好引领我国经济发展新常态、保持我国经济持续健康发展的必然选择。
Seeking innovation-driven development is a natural choice if we are to adapt to changing developmental conditions, hold the decision-making power for our own development, and improve our core competitiveness; if we are to speed up the transformation of our growth model and solve deep-rooted conflicts and problems; if we are to better steer the new normal in economic development and sustain sound growth.
科技是国之利器，国家赖之以强，企业赖之以赢，人民生活赖之以好。中国要强，中国人民生活要好，必须有强大科技。
Science and technology are the bedrock upon which a country relies for its strength, enterprises for success, and people for a better life. Great scientific and technological capacity is a must if we are to make China strong and improve our lives.
新时期、新形势、新任务，要求我们在科技创新方面有新理念、新设计、新战略。我们要深入贯彻新发展理念，深入实施科教兴国战略和人才强国战略，深入实施创新驱动发展战略，统筹谋划，加强组织，优化我国科技事业发展总体布局。
New missions and tasks of the new era require us to develop new concepts, designs and strategies regarding technological innovation. We should implement new development concepts, and invigorate our country through science and technology and fostering people of high caliber. We should further implement the innovation-driven development strategy, and promote the development of science and technology through overall planning and coordination.
2020年翻译资格考试笔译三级强化题
版画 engraving
贝雕画 shell carving picture
彩塑 painted sculpture
瓷器 porcelain; china
刺绣 embroidery
雕刻 carving
宫灯 palace lantern
国画 Chinese painting
剪纸 paper-cut
景德镇瓷 Jingdezhen porcelain
景泰蓝 cloisonné enamel
蜡染 batik
卖秸画 straw patchwork
木/石/竹刻 wood/stone/bamboo carving
木刻画 wood engraving
泥人儿 clay figure
皮影 shadow puppet
漆画 lacquer painting
漆器 lacquer ware
双面绣 two-sided embroidery
水墨画 Chinese brush drawing ; ink and wash painting
檀香扇 sandalwood fan
唐三彩 Tang tri-colored pottery
陶器 pottery ; earthenware
图章 seal
拓碑 making rubbings from inscriptions , pictures , etc . on stone tablets
拓片 rubbing
微雕 miniature engraving
象牙雕刻 ivory carving
宜兴陶 Yixing pottery
篆刻 seal cutting
戏剧表演 Theatrical Performances
京剧人物脸谱 types of facial makeup in Beijing opera
生 male characters
末 middle-aged male characters
净 “painted face” characters
旦 female characters
丑 clown
京剧票友 amateur performer of Peking Opera
木偶戏 puppet show
独角戏 monodrama; one-man play
皮影戏 shadow play; leather-silhouette show
折子戏 opera highlights
戏剧小品 skit
哑剧 dumb show; mime; mummery; pantomime
单口相声 monologue comic talk
双口相声 witty dialogue
口技 vocal imitations; ventriloquism
说书 monologue story-telling
杂技 acrobatic performance
叠罗汉 making a human pyramid
特技 stunt
睬高跷 stilt walk
马戏 circus performances
神话人物 Mythological Figures
八仙 the Eight Immortals
嫦娥 Chang’s ( the Chinese moon goddess)
伏羲 Fu Xi (God of Fishery and Husbandry)
福禄寿三星 the three gods of fortune , prosperity and longevity
共工 God of Water
后羿 Houyi (a legendary hero who shot down nine suns )
黄帝 Yellow Emperor
夸父 Kuafu (a fabled sun-chasing giant )
女 Goddess of Sky-patching
盘古 Pan Gu (creator of the universe )
神农 Patron of Agriculture
禹 Yu ( the reputed founder of the Xia Dynasty )
祝融 God of Fire
2020年翻译资格考试笔译三级强化题
诚实守信 honesty
集体主义 collectivism
为人民服务 serving the people
全民健身运动 nationwide fitness campaign
爱国主义精神 patriotism
重要文化遗产 major cultural heritage
优秀民间艺术 outstanding folk arts
自立于世界民族之林 stand proudly in the family of nations
深入群众，深入生活 go deep among the masses and into the thick of life 奉献无愧于时代的作品 contribute to the people works worthy of the times 公民道德建设实施纲要 The Program for Improving Civic Morality
老少边穷地区和中西部地区的文化发展
the cultural development in the old revolutionary base areas, areas inhabited by ethnic minorities, remote areas, impoverished areas and the central and western regions of the country
社会公德，职业道德和家庭美德教育
education in social and professional ethics and family virtues
体现民族特色和国家水准的重大文化项目和艺术院团
the major cultural projects and art schools and troupes that are up to national standards and embody national characteristics
弘扬主旋律，提倡多样化
highlight the central theme of the times while encouraging diversity
奉献无愧于时代的作品
contribute to the people works worthy of the times
中华文明博大精深，源远流长
The Chinese civilization is extensive and profound, and has a long history
增强中国特色社会主义文化的吸引力和感召力
enhance the attraction and appeal of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics
坚持发展先进文化，支持健康有益文化，努力改造落后文化，坚决抵制腐朽文化
develop advanced culture and support healthy and useful culture, change what is backward and resist what is decadent
发扬民族文化的优秀传统，汲取世界各民族的长处
carry forward the fine tradition of our national culture, draw on the strong points of other nations
发展面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来的、民族的、科学的、大众的社会主义文化
develop national, scient ific and popular socialist culture geared to the needs of modernization, of the world and of the future
坚持为人民服务、为社会主义服务的方向和百花齐放、百家争鸣的方针
keep to the orientation of serving the people and socialism and the principle of letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend
民族精神是一个民族赖以生存和发展的精神支撑
National spirit is the ideological prop on which a nation relies for survival and development
以科学的理论武装人，以正确的舆论引导人，以高尚的精神塑造人，以优秀的作品鼓舞人
arm people with scientific theory, provide them with correct media guidance, imbue them with lofty ideals, and inspire them with excellent works of literature and art
以爱国主义为核心的团结统一、爱好和平、勤劳勇敢、自强不息的伟大民族精神
a great national spirit centering on patriotism and featuring unity and solidarity, love of peace, diligence, courage and ceaseless self-improvement
