高中英语指导:推测英语生词词义常用技巧及“钱”的应用
说到钱,大家所熟悉的英语中的表达方式最常见的是“money”。“Money”是一个广义词,既可以指不定数目的钱,也可以表达一个概念。比如有 “Money makes the mare go.(有钱能使鬼推磨。)”的谚语,但除了“money”之外还有哪些常用的表达方式呢?
高中英语指导:英语中有很多种“钱”
cash 现金,现款
Of the two events, the cash loss-at this moment-weighed more heavily on him.
在这两起事件中,此时使他心情更沉重的莫过于丢现金这一起了。
fund 资金,现款
The President also agreed to support congressional move to grant funds to help middle-and- lower income people pay their higher energy bills.
总统也同意国会的动议,资助收入一般和较低者,帮助他们支付日益增长的能源费。
bill 钞票,纸币
The newest breed of inhabitants used the Cape Cod heritage not as a symbol of a proud and traditional past but as the symbol of a dollar bill.
新进来的这批居民并不把科得角的遗产看作过去骄傲和传统的象征,而是看作钱的象征。
note 纸币
He motioned to the notes stacked on the table.
他用手指指堆在桌上的钞票。
banknote 钞票
With an one-million-pound banknote ready in hand, Henry was able to get whatever he wanted without paying cash.
由于亨利手中有一张百万英镑的钞票,因此他不必付现钱,要什么有什么。
change 零钱
Just keep the change.
不用找钱了。
coin 硬币
His ease was suddenly disturbed by a coin flying into his carriage and ringing on the floor.
一枚金币忽然飞了进来,当啷一声落在车厢的地上,把他的安闲给搅扰了。
dough 钱,现钞
The items in the report on her visits to the shop had cost him some dough.
报告中有关她曾多次去商店这一项就花掉他不少钱。
buck 钱
However, in their haste to earn a quick buck, the land and overall environment was greatly suffering.
然而在他们争先恐后地挣这笔不花力气的钱时,这个地方及整个环境都受害非浅。
方法指导:推测英语生词词义常用技巧
实践证明,根据自己的英语基础和兴趣爱好选择恰当的材料,进行大量的阅读是学好英语的有效途径。但是,阅读中不免会遇到生词或熟词生义,不可能也没有必要每个生词都去插词典,这就需要掌握猜测词义的方法和技巧了。这里总结了17种词义推测的方法或技巧,但愿能对你有所帮助。
1. 根据转折关系:表示转折关系的有though, but、however等。例如:
Any fool can make soap, but it takes a genius to sell it. (广东卷)
由but可知genius是与fool(蠢才)相对的,由此推测其意为“有才能的人”、“天才”。
2. 根据对比关系:表示对比关系的有标志词有unlike、not、while、on the other hand, in spite of、in contrast等。例如:
If you agree, say “Yes”; if you dissent, say “No”.
根据前后的对比关系,不难猜出dissent是意思与agree相反,即:“不同意”。
3. 根据同类关系:比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。表示比较关系的词和短语有similarly,like,just as,also等。例如:
Mr. Green loves to talk,and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
句中similarly表明loves to talk与生词loquacious之间是同类关系。由此可以推断出loquacious词义为“健谈的”。
4. 根据因果关系:表示因果关系的有because, so that, so/such…that…等。例如:
The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water.
由“无雨水”之因,可推知花会“枯萎、凋谢”之果。因此,wither意为“枯萎、凋谢”。
5. 根据同位关系: 因为同位语是对前面的名词的进一步补充说明,提供更为详细的情况,所以根据同位语也可推测前面名词的意思。例如:
Yes, that is the Tai Mahal, one of the most famous buildings in the world. (全国卷)
由后面的同位语的解释我们清楚地知道Tai Mahal就是一著名的建筑物。
6. 根据并列关系:一般由and, or等表示并列关系。例如:
In the ancient city of Rome, we visited every mansion, battle site, theatre and other public halls.
因为mansion与“战场遗址”、“剧院”、“其它公众厅”并列,所以mansion也应该属于建筑物或场所。
7. 根据比喻关系:一般由as…as, like等表示。例如:
The hot-air balloon took off. It was as buoyant in the air as a rose leaf in water.
根据“就像水中的玫瑰叶”这样的比喻可知,buoyant是“飘浮的”之意。
8. 根据定义关系:定义句的谓语动词多为be, mean, be considered, refer to, be called, be known as等。
Sociology is the term used to describe the scientific study of human society.
根据“是用来描述人类社会的科学研究的术语”的定义,可知sociology是“社会学”之意。
9. 根据所举实例:一般由for example, such as, like等来表示举例。例如:
Many United Nations employees are polyglot. Ms White, for example, speaks six languages.
由所举实例,不难推出polyglot的意思是“懂多种语言的”。