高一英语必修句型和专题辅导
三者均可表示“花费”，区别如下：
1. 从所用主语来看：
cost 的主语通常是事或物(包括形式主语 it)，不能是人;
spend 的主语只能是人，不能是事或物;
take 的主语可以是事或物(包括形式主语 it)也可以是人。
如：The computer cost (me) $2 000. 这部电脑花了(我) 2 000 美元。
It costs (me) $1 000 a year to run a car. 使用一辆车每年要花(我)1 000美元。
I have spent all day looking for you. 我花了 1 整天找你。整天找你
I took an hour to write the letter. (译文同上)
注：若 cost 不是表示“花费”，而是表示客观上地或被动地“耗费”，则也可用人作主语。如：Smokers cost the government a lot of money every year. 抽烟的人每年要耗费政府不少钱。
2. 从所接宾语来看：
cost 的宾语通常是钱，take 的宾语通常是时间，而 spend 的宾语则可以是时间或钱。
如：How much did it cost to build the bridge? 建这座桥花了多少钱?建这座桥花了多少钱
It took her two hours to walk to the station. 走路去车站花了她两小时。
He spends much time (money) on books. 他花了很多时间读(钱买)书。
注：cost 有时也用于时间，但通常只用于笼统时间(有时也用于时间，但通常只用于笼统时间一般不用于具体明确的时间)。如：Making experiments like this costs much time and labour. 做这样的实验要花很多时间和劳力。按传统语法，take 的宾语通常是时间，但在现代英语中，用钱作其宾语的现象已很普遍。如：It takes a lot of money to buy a house. 买一座房子要花一大笔钱。
3. 从句型结构来看：
(1) 三者的通常句型为：
sth costs (sb) money 某物花某人多少钱
it costs (sb) money to do sth 做某事花某人多少钱
sb spends time (money) on sth 某人在某一方面花多少钱
sb spends time (money) in [on] doing sth 某人在做某事方面花多少钱
it takes sb time (money) to do sth = it takes time (money) for sb to do sth 做某事花某人多少时间或钱
sth takes sb time (money) to do 某事花某人多少时间或钱去做
sb takes time (moeny) to do 某人花多少时间或钱去做某事
(2) 用于以上意义时，cost 不能用于被动语态，take 通常不用于被动语态，而 spend 则可以用于被动语态。如：误：Thirty dollars was cost by the coat.误：Two hours was taken to do the work.正：Two hours was spent on the work. 做这工作花了两个小时。
4. 在比喻用法中：
(1) cost 指付出代价(劳力、麻烦、精力、生命等)。如：Careless driving will cost you your life. 粗心开车会要你的命。Just ring him up. It‘ll cost you nothing. 给他打个电话，这不费什么事。
(2) spend 表示“消耗”、“用完”。如：I’ll spend no more breath on him. 我不会再和他费唇舌。He spent great efforts to help me. 他费了很大的劲儿来帮我。
(3) take 表示需要人力(精力、劳力等)。如：)It takes patience. 做这工作需要耐心。It takes two to make a quarrel. 一个巴掌拍不响。It took three men to lift the box. 抬这个箱子要 3 个人。
高一英语必修一必背句型
1) It was the first time in a year and a half that I had seen the night face to face. (从句时态用完成时) 这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。
2) I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.(强调句) 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
3) I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself. 有一天晚上，我熬到11点半故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮一次。
4) Your friend, who doesn’t work hard, asks you to help him cheat in the end-of-term exam.(非限制性定语从句) 你的一个朋友叫你在期末考试中帮他作弊，这个朋友平常不认真学习。
5) If you have some trouble (in) getting along with your friends, you can write to the editor and ask for advice. 如果你在和朋友的相处上有问题，你可以写信给编辑向他征求建议。
6) Add up your score and see how many points you can get. 把你的得分加起来，看看得了多少。
7) What he did has added to our difficulties. 他的所作所为增加了我们的困难。
8) His income adds up to $1000 a month. 他每月的收入共计1000美元。
9) It's no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced. 观看这些已不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须体验的。
10) Why is she so concerned about his attitude to her work? 她为什么那么关注他对她的工作的看法?
11) The police asked him to set down what he had seen in a report. 警察让他在报告中写下他所看见的事情。
12) As I was about to go out and search for him, he happened to come in. 正当我打算出去找他时，他恰巧进来。
13) Mr. Jones lives alone and often feels lonely. 琼斯先生单独一人生活，常常感到孤独。
14) We tried to calm him down, but he kept crying. 我们试图让他平静下来，但他仍不停地哭着。
15) Does he dare (to) go out at night in such stormy weather? 他敢在这样一个暴风雨夜外出吗?
16) He would go through fire and water for his country. 他愿为国家赴汤蹈火。
17) That country suffered a heavy loss in the flood. 那个国家在水灾中遭受严重的损失。
18) World Englishes come from those countries where English plays an important role as a first or second language, either because of foreign rule or because of its special role as an international language.(定语从句) 世界英语来自那些以英语为第一或第二语言的国家，英语在这些国家起重要作用，或是因为外国的统治，或是因为其作为国际语言的特殊地位。
19) All languages change when cultures communicate with one another. 当不同的语言互相沟通时，所有的语言都会发生变化。
20) Actually, the English spoken between about AD 450 and 1150 was based more on German than present day English.实际上，从公元450年到1150年，人们所说的英语更多的是以德语为基础的，而现代英语不是。
21) Would you please come up to my flat for a visit? 请到我的公寓里来坐坐，好吗?
22) Believe it or not, he cheated in the exams. 信不信由你，他在考试中作弊。
23) Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.
以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以互相交流。
24) Today the number of people learning English in China is larger than even before. 目前在中国学习英语的人数比以往任何时候都多。
25) It is the duty of a government to provide education for the children of its country. (it作形式主语)政府的责任是为其国家的小孩提供教育。
26) Reading is one of the best ways of improving your vocabulary and usage. 阅读是帮助你改善词汇及其用法的最好方法之一。
27) Giving commands is less polite than making a request. 发号命令比发出请求粗鲁。
28) We asked her for directions and she told us to go round the corner on the left and keep going straight for two blocks. 我们向她问路，她告诉我们往左边拐弯后直走两个街区。
29) He knows several languages, such as English, French and German. 他懂几种语言，例如英语、法语和德语。
30) My sister and I have dreamed about cycling along the Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends. 我姐姐和我一直梦想要沿湄公河从源头到终点骑车旅行。
31) The man insisted that he didn’t steal anything and he (should) be set free at once. (陈述语气、虚拟语气) 这男人坚持自己没有偷东西，他坚持说他应该立刻被释放。
32) She gave me a determined look ?C the kind that said she wouldn’t change her mind. 她给了我一个坚定的眼神——这种眼神表明她是不会改变主意的。
33) He is so stubborn that no one can persuade him to do anything. 他是如此的固执以致没有人能说服他做任何事。
34) My sister doesn’t care about details. 我的姐姐是不会考虑细节的。
35) She is a determined woman. Once she determines to do something, she will do it well. 她是个意志坚强的人。如果她下决心做什么事，就一定要做好。
36) He recorded the important events ad his afterthoughts in his travel journal. 在旅行日记中，他记下了重大的事件及自己的想法。
37) I am not familiar with this city, because this is my first visit. 我对这个城市不熟悉，因为这是我的第一次来访。
38) I don’t think it is necessary for us to give in. 我认为我们没有必要让步。
39) The topics of a travel journal can be different from a diary, often including people, things, and events less familiar to readers. 游记的主题可以和日记不同，经常包括那些读者不太熟悉的人和事。
40) It was great fun to put up tents here. 在这儿搭帐篷真好玩。
41) The number of people who were killed or injured in the earthquake reached more than 400,000.(定语从句) 死伤的人数达到40多万。
42) The army organized the rescue workers to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. (定语从句) 部队组织救援人员将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。
43) All hope was not lost. = Not all hope was lost.(部分否定) 不是所有的希望都破灭了。
44) None of us were allowed to go there.(全部否定) 我们全都不许去那里。
45) He rescued the man from drowning. 他救了一男子使之免遭溺毙。
46) An earthquake left the whole city in ruins. 地震过后，全城到处是残垣断壁。
47) I feel highly honoured by your trust. 得到你的信任，我感到非常荣幸。
48) Professor Yu organized his thoughts before giving the speech. 于教授在演讲之前组织了一下思路。
49) Many people took shelter from the rain in the department store. 许多人在百货公司里避雨。
50) It seemed that the world was at an end as the earthquake destroyed nearly everything.
世界似乎到了末日，因为地震几乎毁了一切。
51) People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. 人们开始纳闷，这场灾难还会持续多久?
52) They used candles all the time instead of electricity. 他们一直用蜡烛，没有用电。
53) The one million people of the city, who thought little of these strange events, went to bed as usual that night.(非限制性定语从句)
这城市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些奇怪的情况当一回事，当天晚上照常上床睡觉了。
54) We’d better prepare him for the bad news. 我们最好让他做好知道这个坏消息的心理准备。
55) The rubbish gave out a smelly gas. 垃圾发出一阵臭味。
56) I am getting in touch with him right away. 我马上跟他联系。
57) Are you willing to do public service work without pay? 你愿意无偿从事公益活动吗?
58) Do you easily lose heart when you are in trouble? 你处于不幸中时容易丧失信心吗?
59) The time when I first met him was a very difficult period of my life. 第一次见到他的时候是在我一生中非常艰难的时期。(定语从句)
60) It is a doctor’s job to advise patients on health problems. 医生的职责就是向病人提供有关健康的建议。
61) As a matter of fact, I was worried about whether I would be out of work. 事实上我担心我是不是会失业。
62) After getting up, he always drinks a glass of water, which he believes is good for his health. (非限制性定语从句) 每天起床后，他都喝一杯水，他认为这对他的身体有好处。
63) The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. (定语从句) 过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。
64) In his life, he has always tried to help those who are less fortunate than himself. (定语从句) 在他的一生中，他总是设法帮助那些比他不幸的人。
65) Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.(倒装句) 只有到这个时候我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
66) Only some of the children seemed to have understood it. 似乎只有一部分孩子明白。
67) The school where I studied only two years was three kilometers away. 那所我仅仅读了两年的学校有三公里远。(定语从句)
68) The parts of town where they lived were places decided by white people.(过去分词作后置定语) 他们在城里的住宅区都是由白人决定的。
69) Before he came to power, he was once put in prison for years. 在掌权之前，他曾经坐了几年牢。
70) This was my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks. 这是我毕生为争取黑人的平等权利而斗争所得到的回报。
71) He was sentenced to three years in prison for stealing. 他因偷窃被判处三年监禁。
72) He set up a black law firm to help those poor black people. 他开设了一间黑人律师事务所帮助那些穷苦的黑人。
73) In 1963, I helped him blow up some government buildings. 在1963年，我帮助他炸毁了一些政府大楼。
74) My family could not continue to pay my school fee. 我的家庭无法继续支付我的学费。
75) He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.(虚拟语气) 在午餐的休息时间和晚上我们本应该睡觉的时候他教授我们。
