托福听力常见扣分辨音问题应对技巧分享指点
影响考生托福听力得分的因素很多，比如缺乏专业学科基本知识之类的其实都还相对好解决一些，今天小编给大家带来托福听力常见扣分辨音问题应对技巧分享指点，希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
托福听力常见扣分辨音问题应对技巧分享指点
托福听力听不准问题汇总
托福听力中比较让考生觉得困扰的地方在于所有解题涉及的信息都要凭自己的耳朵去判断，同时还需要根据听到的信息迅速反映出其对应单词的意思，这个过程中就很容易产生一些根本性的问题，比如：“听音频的时候看不到题目，就担心听见的没考，考的没听到”;“对话实在太快完全没时间记笔记”;“虽然听见考点但是光顾写提示词，后面的就错过了”;“知道怎么听重点单词，但好像听成了发音很像其实是另外一个词”;会出现这些问题大多是因为大家都遇到了“辨音”问题。
托福听力辨音问题应对技巧
首先考生要尝试去给材料分段，一般来说两个段的内容主题是不同的，还有一些提示词帮助大家分段，大家可以在做题时总结一下，找找规律，一旦分好段后找信息就方便多了。
其次，根据句子间的起承转合、句中停顿分析句子中的主谓宾关系，这一点也可以通过听力材料总结经验。
第三，分意群，可以简单理解成词组，在听到特定的动词词组的念法后，如：“as opposed to” 的发音，很多童鞋会听成“I suppose to”，在遇到相似的表达时候就不会懵了。
最后，分单词，看似简单实际最容易出问题的一部分，为什么这么说?因为很多大家喜闻乐见日常使用千百遍的单词，大家自己念和自己意会的是一回事，而在听力材料中的发音甚至意思却不同，这就要求同学们结合听力材料好好研究一下自己的常犯错误。
托福听力发音细节注意要点
有同学表示，以上讲的方法我都懂，我也知道哪句是重点但就是得不到重要信息，这主要是由于自己根深蒂固的错误发音。关于发音一定要注意以下几点：
长音短音
长短音方面在背单词时一定要注意。例如sheep不要听成ship，sheet不要听成sht，类似这种，不然一旦理解错了，整句甚至会把文章理解错。
重弱相宜
第一音节弱化，第二音节重音的单词方面。如：I really appreciate很容易漏掉“a”听成 I really “preciate”。
相近音节
相近音方面，不可以自己加减与音频声音不符的辅音。比如，/i:l/, /ju:/, /ilm/，原句说 “Students have only got limited amount of time. I don’t expect you to be overwhelmed. Focus on just a few.”很多考生会听成film，这就属于自己加上了一个/m/的音节，并且把/ju:/与短音+辅音的组合/il/搞混了。
单词词性
单词词性方面，名词不要听成动词。比方说，如果你听到一个/laɪ/这样的声音，后方出现了/kæn meɪk/的声音，那么想一下应该对应上can make，can后边已经有make这个动词了，前方的/laɪ/就一定不是like了。
语境理解
语境理解方面，联系上下文分析某个词究竟是谁，也是需要通过大量输入练习、跟读+背诵、再到分析输出才能达成的一个能力。举个例子，地质学，讲到湖水形成，提到地表有斜坡，然后听到 lower /bæ+辅音/ 和 higher /bæ+辅音/这样的组合，如果给你选择，这个辅音可能是 /k/, /ŋk/, 你会认为是哪个呢?组合一下，分别应是 /bæk/，即back，与 /bæŋk/，即bank。湖在坡地上，高低背还是高低岸?相信大家在听到时就已有答案了。
2020托福听力练习：蜜蜂通过味道给花粉排名
Walk through Times Square—you're bombarded with advertising. And it turns out, a bumblebee might have a similar feeling, buzzing through a field of flowers. "So these flowers are these billboards, they're advertising a good, this delicious nectar reward, and bees are very picky shoppers." Anne Leonard, a pollination biologist at the University of Nevada, Reno.
She describes a flower field as a sort of pollination marketplace. And one way bees choose where to visit? "Bees are nectar experts. They are really good at assessing even really small differences in the sugar concentration of nectar." They also scope out the shape and size of the flowers, and their color and scent. And now Leonard and her colleagues have discovered that bumblebees are pollen aficionados, too.
They found that out by lacing batches of cherry pollen with either table sugar or bitter quinine. And to display the pollen to bees, "We got really into it—we started 3-D printing flowers in our lab." And for the anther—the male flower part, which presents the pollen—pipe cleaners. "So we bought out Michael's craft store supplies of these pipe cleaners and used them in our experiments."
Turns out bees would return again and again to the same color flower that dispensed sweet pollen, and spend more time collecting there. But when confronted with the bitter pollen? They sought a different colored flower for their very next stop. All of which suggests that, in addition to savoring nectar, bees taste pollen too—and judge flowers by it. The results are in the journal Biology Letters.
The finding means that plants have to find a happy medium: "So can you make your pollen attractive enough that the bees will collect it, but distasteful enough that they won't collect too much of it?" And that balancing act, of carefully calibrated chemistry—it's just one of the many transactions that plays out in the buzzing pollination marketplace. Where the object is to make a sweet profit.
走过纽约时代广场，你会被广告不断侵扰。事实证明，熊蜂在嗡嗡地飞过花田时，可能会有类似的感觉。“因为这些花朵就像是那些广告牌，它们在为这些美味可口的花蜜打广告，而蜜蜂就是那些非常挑剔的消费者。”内华达州立大学雷诺分校的传粉生物学家安妮·伦纳德说道。
她将花田描述为一个授粉市场。蜜蜂选择去哪里采集花蜜的方法是什么?“蜜蜂是花蜜专家。它们很擅长评估花蜜，即使花蜜糖的浓度存在微小的区别它们也能感觉到。”它们还能确定花的形状、大小、颜色和气味。现在伦纳德和她的研究团队发现，熊蜂也是花粉爱好者。
他们通过给不同批次分别含有甜蔗糖和苦奎宁的樱桃花粉系上标签的方法进行研究，并得到了上述结论。为了向蜜蜂展示花粉，“我们进行了非常深入地研究，我们开始在实验室用3D技术打印花朵。”在花药部分，也就是呈现出花粉的雄花部分使用清管器。“所以我们购买了迈克尔工艺品店的清管器，将这些清管器应用到我们的实验中。”
实验证明，蜜蜂会在含有甜蔗糖花粉的相同颜色花朵间重复往返，并且花费更多的时间来采集。那它们遇到含有苦奎宁的花粉时会怎样呢?它们会在下一次停留时寻找一种与之颜色不同的花朵。所有这一切表明，除了品尝花蜜，蜜蜂也会品尝花粉的味道，并且通过花粉来对花朵进行评估。该研究结果刊登在《生物学快报》杂志上。
该研究结果表明，植物必须找到一个折中的办法：“你能让你的花粉有足够的吸引力，让蜜蜂来采集，但是又让花粉不太合口，确保蜜蜂不会采集太多吗?”这一精确校准化学的平衡做法，只是蜜蜂授粉市场上进行的众多交易中的其中一种。该市场的目标是获得“甜蜜”的利润。
重点讲解：
1. be good at 擅长的;精通的;能干的;
例句：The conductor is good at keeping the players together.
乐队指挥善于使表演者奏协调。
2. buy out 买下…的股权(或产权);
例句：The bank had to pay to buy out most of the 200 former partners.
银行不得不花钱买下过去200名合伙人手中的大部分股权。
3. be confronted with (问题、任务或困难)降临，使面临;
例句：There is always turmoil when humans are confronted with change.
当人类面对改变的时候，总是有混乱。
4. in addition to 另外;加之;除…之外;
例句：In addition to the radio, newspapers were also a main source for information.
除了无线电广播外，报纸也是一种主要信息来源。
5. play out (使)(戏剧性的事件)逐渐发生;(使)展开;
例句：We play out an imaginary confrontation in our mind.
我们的脑海中浮现出一种想象的冲突。
2020托福听力练习：高脂饮食因肠道细菌致肥胖
Think it's your inability to resist cheesecake that's making it tough to fit into your skinny jeans? Well, your bacteria may share some of the blame. Because a new study in mice shows that the response of intestinal microbes to a high-fat diet ends up triggering the release of a hormone that makes mammals feel hungry, causing them to eat even more. The finding is served up in the journal Nature.
Previous work has shown that the types of bacteria in the gut in diabetic or obese individuals are different from the bacteria in healthy people. But does this bacterial makeup contribute to these disorders? Or is it just a side effect?
To unravel this mystery, researchers put mice on a high-fat diet. The animals experienced a buildup of a chemical called acetate, particularly in the large intestine.
That location points to gut bacteria, which can produce acetate, as a possible culprit. So the researchers wiped out the microbes using antibiotics or a simple saline wash. And acetate levels plummeted.
Okay, so the gut bacteria in fat-fed mice make acetate. What does acetate do? Well, it gets the involuntary part of the nervous system, the parasympathetic nervous system, to put out the call to produce more insulin. Unfortunately, in this case, acetate also gets the parasympathetic nervous system to stimulate production of a hunger hormone called ghrelin. And the more fats an animal consumes, the more acetate it makes — which means the more ghrelin it produces and, of course, the more it eats. And bacteria make the whole sequence happen.
The researchers are now investigating whether the same biochemical events happen in humans. If they do, it's possible that obtaining a better assortments of gut bacteria could help us control our weight. Of course, the best way to get those good bacteria is from a fecal transplant — in which bacteria-rich feces come out of one person and into you. The very thought of which could help curb your appetite.
设想一下，你很难穿上紧身牛仔裤是因为你无法抗拒奶酪蛋糕吗?其实，你体内的细菌可能要承担部分责任。一项在小鼠身上进行的新研究表明，肠道细菌对高脂饮食的反应会最终引发荷尔蒙的释放，使哺乳动物感到饥饿、吃得更多。该项发现刊登在《自然》杂志上。
此前的研究表明，糖尿病患者或肥胖群体肠道中的细菌类型与健康人的不同。但是这种细菌组成会导致这些疾病吗?还是只是一种副作用?
为了解开这个谜团，研究人员让小鼠食用高脂饮食。因此，醋酸酯这种化学物质在这些动物的大肠内积累起来。
该位置指向肠道细菌，这种细菌能产生醋酸酯，是潜在的罪魁祸首。因此，研究人员用抗生素或简单的生理盐水来消灭微生物。这同时也使醋酸酯浓度下降。
食用高脂饮食的小鼠，其体内肠道细菌可以产生醋酸酯。醋酸酯的作用是什么?它可以使神经系统、副交感神经系统中的无意识部分发出信号，产生更多的胰岛素。不幸的是，在这种情况下，醋酸酯也会使副交感神经系统刺激饥饿激素的产生。同时，脂肪消耗的越多，体内产生的醋酸酯就越多，这意味着体内产生的饥饿激素越多，当然就吃的越多。而且细菌会使这一整个序列发生。
研究人员正在研究相同的生物化学反应是否会在人类身上发生。假如人类也会这样，那么对肠道细菌更好的分类也许可以帮助我们控制体重。当然，摄取这些有益细菌的最佳方式是通过粪便移植，即某人含有大量细菌的排泄物进入到你的体内。想到这里可能会有助于抑制你的食欲。
重点讲解：
1. end up 最终;结果;到头来;
例句：If you speak too slowly, you might end up sounding unnatural.
但如果说得太慢，就有可能导致发音不自然。
2. be different from 与……不同;
例句：My style of writing is very different from yours.
我写作的风格和你很不同。
3. contribute to 促成;促使;是导致…的原因之一;
例句：Exercise contributes to better health.
锻炼能促成更强健的体魄。
4. wipe out 摧毁;毁灭;使灭绝;
例句：The plague once could wipe out a village.
鼠疫曾一度可以夺走整个村庄村民的生命。
2020托福听力练习：城市灯光欺骗树木
The Earth's temperature is rising. And as it does, springtime phenomena—like the first bloom of flowers—are getting earlier and earlier. But rising temperatures aren't the only factor. Urban light pollution is also quickening the coming of spring. "So temperature and light are really contributing to a double whammy of making everything earlier." Richard ffrench-Constant, an entomologist at the University of Exeter.
He and his colleagues compiled 13 years of data from citizen scientists in the U.K., who tracked the first bud burst of four common trees. Turns out, light pollution—from streetlights in cities, and along roads—pushed bud burst a full week earlier. Way beyond what rising temperatures could achieve. This disruptive timing can ripple through the ecosystem.
"The caterpillars that feed on trees are trying to match the hatching of their eggs to the timing of bud burst. Because the caterpillars want to feed on the juiciest and least chemically protected leaves. And it's not just the caterpillars, of course, that are important. But the knock-on effect is on nesting birds, which are also trying to hatch their chicks at the same time that there's the maximum number of caterpillars." So earlier buds could ultimately affect the survival of birds, and beyond. The findings are in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B.
The world's becoming increasingly urbanized, and light pollution is growing—which ffrench-Constant says could trick trees into budding earlier and earlier. But smarter lighting—like LEDs that dial down certain wavelengths—could help. "Perhaps the exciting thing is, if we understand more about how light affects this bud burst, we might be able to devise smarter sort of street lighting that has less red components, and therefore less early bud burst." Thus keeping springtime an actual springtime phenomenon.
地球温度正在上升。因此，花儿首次盛开等春季现象的出现时间会越来越早。但是，不断升高的气温并不是唯一的影响因素。城市光污染同样加快了春天到来的脚步。“因此，在温度和光线的双重冲击下，一切都提早到来。”理查德·费伦奇·康斯坦特是英国埃克塞特大学的昆虫学家。
他和他的同事对英国公民科学家统计了13年的数据进行编制，这些科学家对四种常见树木进行追踪，观察它们第一次萌芽的时间。结果发现，城市及道路两边的路灯造成的光污染，会使树木的发芽时间提前整整一个星期。除此以外，不断上升的气温也会施加影响。这种破坏性的时机会对生态系统造成影响。
“以树木为食的毛毛虫正试图将自己的孵卵时间与树木的发芽时间相匹配。因为毛毛虫要以最多汁、最少受化学物质保护的树叶为食。不仅毛毛虫是这样，当然，这一点很重要。这种连锁反应体现在筑巢鸟类身上，它们试图在毛毛虫数量最多的时候孵化鸟蛋。”因此，提前发芽最终可能会影响鸟类的生存，甚至产生更加深远的影响。该项研究结果发表在《英国皇家学会学报B》上。
世界越来越城市化，光污染的范围也在逐渐扩大，费伦奇·康斯坦特表示这种情况会欺骗树木，使其发芽的时间越来越早。但是LED这样的智能灯光会调低特定的波长，这可能会有所帮助。“也许令人感到兴奋的是，如果我们对灯光如何影响发芽有更多了解，我们也许能设计出发出更少红光的智能路灯，这样就可以使发芽时间少提前一些。”进而让春天呈现出实际的春天现象。
重点讲解：
1. contribute to 促成;促使;是导致…的原因之一;
例句：Honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness.
诚实加苦干有助于成功和幸福。
2. turn out 原来是;结果发现;
例句：I'm sure things will turn out all right in the end.
我确信最终一切都会好的。
3. at the same time 同时;
例句：The crash took place at the same time as he left.
就在他离开时，车祸发生了。
4. dial down 下调;降低;
例句：The retreating gasoline price helped to lift consumer spirits this month and dial down their inflation expectations.
本月汽油价格的回落提升了消费者信心，并降低了他们的通胀预期。
2020托福听力练习：公路噪音掩盖鸟类求救信号
It may not be the most melodious bit of birdsong you'll ever encounter. [Titmouse alarm call]. But this particular call, issued by a tufted titmouse, conveys important information about the presence of potential predators. But only if other birds can hear it.
Unfortunately, near a highway, traffic sounds can drown out such alarm calls. Scientists have long observed a decrease in wildlife populations in habitats adjacent to major roadways. And many figured it was the noise that drives creatures to hightail it someplace more remote. But it could be more than mere annoyance that keeps animals away. The inability to hear potentially life-saving calls could also be a factor. That's according to a study in the journal Biology Letters.
To test that theory, Aaron Grade and Kathryn Sieving at the University of Florida recorded that titmouse alarm call, produced by a captive individual that had spotted an owl. They then played this alarm call from speakers mounted in different locations in Florida state parks. Some of the spots were noisy, along Interstate 75 or U.S. Route 441. Others were more secluded and relatively quiet.
The scientists then observed the reactions of cardinals to these broadcasted declarations of danger. Because cardinals and other birds often eavesdrop on the talk of titmice for news of impending peril.
In the quiet areas, cardinals clearly responded to the titmouse alarms. They froze in place, stopped singing and scanned the area for predators. But in the noisy places, cardinals paid the warnings no heed and continued their regular activities.
It's not completely clear whether the cardinals could not hear the calls or if they were simply too distracted by the traffic to respond. Either way, looks like some birds should seek the road less traveled—or travel the regions less road-ed. Whereas hungry owls should hit the highway if they're looking to sneak up on an unexpecting snack.
(山雀的警报信号)可能不是你听过的最悦耳的鸟鸣声。但是这种由簇山雀发出的特殊呼叫，传递了重要的信息——可能存在捕食者。但前提是其他鸟类得能听到这一警报。
不幸的是，在高速公路附近，交通声音会淹没这种警报信号。经过长期观察，科学家发现栖息地靠近主干道的野生动物种群数量在减少。许多人认为正是这种噪音迫使动物们逃到了更偏远的地方。但使动物远离的可能不仅仅是打扰这一个因素。无法听到潜在的救命信号也可能是因素之一。这一研究结果刊登在《生物学快报》杂志上。
为了验证这一理论，佛罗里达大学的亚伦·格雷德和凯瑟琳·西温录下了簇山雀的警报信号，这是在它发现猫头鹰的时候发出的。然后他们用设置在佛罗里达州立公园不同地方的扬声器播放这一警报信号。75号州际公路和441号美国国道沿线的一些地点噪音很大。而其他地方则更加隐蔽且相对安静。
然后科学家观察了红雀对所播放危险信号的反应。因为红雀和其他鸟类为了得到即将到来危险的消息，经常偷听山雀的对话。
重点讲解：
1. drown out 盖过，淹没(声音);
例句：Her voice was drowned out by a loud crash.
她的声音被一声响亮的撞击声所淹没。
2. eavesdrop on 偷听;窃听;
例句：It is not polite to eavesdrop on the conversation of other people.
偷听他人说话是很不礼貌的。
3. respond to 应对;作出回应;作出反应;
例句：The horse responds to the slightest pull on the rein.
只要缰绳稍稍一拉，这匹马就有反应。
4. either way (两种情况中)不论发生哪一种情况;
例句：Was it his fault or not? Either way, an explanation is due.
是他的错不是?无论是不是，都得有个解释。
5. sneak up on 偷偷地走近;偷偷地挨近;
例句：I managed to sneak up on him when you knocked on the door.
你敲门的时候，我设法悄悄靠近了他。
在安静的地方，红雀对山雀的警报信号做出了清晰的反应。它们僵在原地，停止歌唱，仔细查看周围的区域是否有捕食者出现。但是在吵闹的地区，红雀没有理会这种警报，继续正常活动。
目前并不完全清楚红雀是没有听到警报，还是仅仅是因交通而分心所以没有做出回应。无论怎样，看起来有些鸟类应该寻找旅客少的路段或者寻找公路少的区域生存。反之，饥饿的猫头鹰如果想偷偷靠近一个“点心”，应该到公路附近寻找觅食机会。
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