雅思A类阅读误区有哪些
雅思A类阅读是有别于G类阅读的称呼，因为雅思考试分为A类和G类，而两者阅读考试内容也不同，所以就有了雅思A类和G类的说法。那么雅思A类阅读误区有哪些呢?
雅思A类阅读误区有哪些?你是否也曾被“误区”蒙蔽过?
雅思A类阅读是雅思学术类考试的阅读题目，备考这类阅读时要注意一些误区，否则可能会让备考事倍功半，甚至是徒劳无功。雅思A类阅读误区都有哪些呢?下面跟小站君一起来看看，你有没有被这些误区蒙蔽过?
雅思A类阅读误区一 只要刷完剑雅阅读就能拿高分
剑雅阅读真题是雅思A类阅读备考的圣经，也是最受推崇的资料之一。所以，一些同学在备考雅思A类阅读的时候认为只要将所有的剑雅阅读真题全部做完，阅读就没有问题了，但事实情况真的如此吗?剑雅阅读真题的价值当然很高，参考价值也很大，这一点毋庸置疑，但是只靠剑雅真题就想拿高分也是不太现实的。首先，一些同学在备考之初词汇量和语法基础尚有欠缺，盲目刷题只能达到一知半解的地步，对于提升不会有很大帮助。其次，剑雅真题如果只是刷题，不做分析整理的话，对于雅思阅读提升的帮助也是非常小的。所以，雅思A类阅读提升要依靠的不仅仅只有真题，还要打好基础，做好纠错和整理工作。
雅思A类阅读误区二 阅读就是词汇量之战
词汇量是雅思阅读的基础，提升词汇量对于提升雅思阅读帮助很大，但是这并不意味着只要提升词汇量，雅思A类阅读就一定没问题了。阅读的提升不仅仅只是词汇量之战，阅读中的难点还有长难句，还有各类题型的做题方法，所以提升了词汇量只是提升了阅读的基础，想要彻底拿下阅读，还需要提升长难句分析能力和做题能力。
雅思A类阅读误区三 老师教的技巧比基础更重要
报培训班是雅思A类阅读提升非常不错的途径之一，所以很多同学都会选择通过报班来提升雅思阅读能力。那么雅思阅读课上会讲什么呢?其实大部分老师会教大家一些做题的方法和技巧，因为课堂时间较短，老师不可能督促着大家去背词汇或者监视着大家去做习题练习。学习做题技巧固然重要，可以帮助大家在原有的基础上提升做题的速度和正确率，但是这一切还要建立在打好基础的前提下，如果没有基础，技巧自然也没有什么用处。
雅思A类阅读误区四 不读文章没办法做题
很多同学在备考之初都会问到一个问题：“先读文章还是先做题?”一些同学在备考中误以为不读文章不把握文章大意就无法做题，其实并不是这样。雅思阅读篇幅很长，如果读完文章再去做题，很有可能会导致做题时间不够，所以最好的办法是养成先读题然后在文中找答案的做题习惯。
雅思A类阅读误区有哪些?上文中为大家介绍了4类，这4类也是很多同学遭遇过的误区。建议大家打好基础再刷剑雅真题，提升词汇量的同时也要提升长难句理解力和做题能力，做题技巧的学习要结合着练习一起进行，还要养成通过题目找答案的阅读习惯。
雅思考试阅读模拟练习及答案
The Triumph of Unreason
A.
Neoclassical economics is built on the assumption that humans are rational beings who have a clear idea of their best interests and strive to extract maximum benefit (or “utility”， in economist-speak) from any situation. Neoclassical economics assumes that the process of decision-making is rational. But that contradicts growing evidence that decision-making draws on the emotions—even when reason is clearly involved.
B.
The role of emotions in decisions makes perfect sense. For situations met frequently in the past， such as obtaining food and mates， and confronting or fleeing from threats， the neural mechanisms required to weigh up the pros and cons will have been honed by evolution to produce an optimal outcome. Since emotion is the mechanism by which animals are prodded towards such outcomes， evolutionary and economic theory predict the same practical consequences for utility in these cases. But does this still apply when the ancestral machinery has to respond to the stimuli of urban modernity?
C.
One of the people who thinks that it does not is George Loewenstein， an economist at Carnegie Mellon University， in Pittsburgh. In particular， he suspects that modern shopping has subverted the decision-making machinery in a way that encourages people to run up debt. To prove the point he has teamed up with two psychologists， Brian Knutson of Stanford University and Drazen Prelec of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology， to look at what happens in the brain when it is deciding what to buy.
D.
In a study， the three researchers asked 26 volunteers to decide whether to buy a series of products such as a box of chocolates or a DVD of the television show that were flashed on a computer screen one after another. In each round of the task， the researchers first presented the product and then its price， with each step lasting four seconds. In the final stage， which also lasted four seconds， they asked the volunteers to make up their minds. While the volunteers were taking part in the experiment， the researchers scanned their brains using a technique called functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)。 This measures blood flow and oxygen consumption in the brain， as an indication of its activity.
E.
The researchers found that different parts of the brain were involved at different stages of the test. The nucleus accumbens was the most active part when a product was being displayed. Moreover， the level of its activity correlated with the reported desirability of the product in question.
F.
When the price appeared， however， fMRI reported more activity in other parts of the brain. Excessively high prices increased activity in the insular cortex， a brain region linked to expectations of pain， monetary loss and the viewing of upsetting pictures. The researchers also found greater activity in this region of the brain when the subject decided not to purchase an item.
G.
Price information activated the medial prefrontal cortex， too. This part of the brain is involved in rational calculation. In the experiment its activity seemed to correlate with a volunteer’s reaction to both product and price， rather than to price alone. Thus， the sense of a good bargain evoked higher activity levels in the medial prefrontal cortex， and this often preceded a decision to buy.
H.
People’s shopping behaviour therefore seems to have piggy-backed on old neural circuits evolved for anticipation of reward and the avoidance of hazards. What Dr Loewenstein found interesting was the separation of the assessment of the product (which seems to be associated with the nucleus accumbens) from the assessment of its price (associated with the insular cortex)， even though the two are then synthesised in the prefrontal cortex. His hypothesis is that rather than weighing the present good against future alternatives， as orthodox economics suggests happens， people actually balance the immediate pleasure of the prospective possession of a product with the immediate pain of paying for it.
I.
That makes perfect sense as an evolved mechanism for trading. If one useful object is being traded for another (hard cash in modern time)， the future utility of what is being given up is embedded in the object being traded. Emotion is as capable of assigning such a value as reason. Buying on credit， though， may be different. The abstract nature of credit cards， coupled with the deferment of payment that they promise， may modulate the “con” side of the calculation in favour of the “pro”。
J.
Whether it actually does so will be the subject of further experiments that the three researchers are now designing. These will test whether people with distinctly different spending behaviour， such as miserliness and extravagance， experience different amounts of pain in response to prices. They will also assess whether， in the same individuals， buying with credit cards eases the pain compared with paying by cash. If they find that it does， then credit cards may have to join the list of things such as fatty and sugary foods， and recreational drugs， that subvert human instincts in ways that seem pleasurable at the time but can have a long and malign aftertaste.
Questions 1-6
Do the following statemets reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?
Write your answer in Boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.
TRUE if the statement reflets the claims of the writer
FALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is possbile to say what the writer thinks about this
1. The belief of neoclassical economics does not accord with the increasing evidence that humans make use of the emotions to make decisions.
2. Animals are urged by emotion to strive for an optimal outcomes or extract maximum utility from any situation.
3. George Loewenstein thinks that modern ways of shopping tend to allow people to accumulate their debts.
4. The more active the nucleus accumens was， the stronger the desire of people for the product in question became.
5. The prefrontal cortex of the human brain is linked to monetary loss and the viewing of upsetting pictures.
6. When the activity in nucleus accumbens was increased by the sense of a good bargain， people tended to purchase coffee.
Questions 7-9
Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 7-9 on your answe sheet.
7. Which of the following statements about orthodox economics is true?
A. The process which people make their decisions is rational.
B. People have a clear idea of their best interests in any situation.
C. Humans make judgement on the basis of reason rather then emotion.
D. People weigh the present good against future alternatives in shopping.
8. The word “miserliness” in line 3 of Paragraph J means__________.
A. people’s behavior of buying luxurious goods
B. people’s behavior of buying very special items
C. people’s behavior of being very mean in shopping
D. people’s behavior of being very generous in shopping
9. The three researchers are now designing the future experiments， which test
A. whether people with very different spending behaviour experience different amounts of pain in response to products.
B. whether buying an item with credit cards eases the pain of the same individuals compared with paying for it by cash.
C. whether the abstract nature of credit cards may modulate the “con” side of the calculation in favour of the “pro”。
D. whether the credit cards may subvert human instincts in ways that seem pleasurable but with a terrible effect.
Questions 10-13
Complete the notes below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Reading Passage 1 for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 10-13 on your answer sheet.
To find what happens in the brain of humans when it is deciding things to buy， George Loewenstein and his co-researchers did an experiment by using the technique of fMRI. They found that different parts of the brain were invloved in the process. The activity in …10… was greatly increased with the displaying of certain product. The great activity was found in the insular cortex when …11…and the subject decided not to buy a product. The activity of the medial prefrontal cortex seemed to associate with both …12…informaiton. What interested Dr Loewenstein was the …13… of the assessment of the product and its price in different parts of the brain.
Part II
Notes to Reading Passage 1
1. the nucleus accumbens， the insular cortex， and the medial prefrontal cortex：
大脑的不同部位 (皮层，皮质等)
e.g. cerebellar cortex 小脑皮层cerebral cortex 大脑皮层
2. hone：
珩磨，磨快，磨练，训练使。。。更完美或有效。
3. subvert：
毁灭，破坏;摧毁：
4. piggyback：
骑在肩上;在肩上骑
5. deferment：
推迟、延迟、分期付款
6. aftertaste：
余味，回味事情或经历结束后的感觉，特指令人不快的感觉
Part III
Keys and explanations to the Questions 1-13
1. TRUE
See the second and third sentence in Paragraph A “Neoclassical economics assumes that the process of decision-making is rational. But that contradicts growing evidence that decision-making draws on the emotions—even when reason is clearly involved.”
2. TRUE
See the third sentence in Paragrph B “ Since emotion is the mechanism by which animals are prodded towards such outcomes， evolutionary and economic theory predict the same practical consequences for utility in these cases.”
3. FALSE
See the second sentence in Paragrph C “In particular， he suspects that modern shopping has subverted the decision-making machinery in a way that encourages people to run up debt.”
4. TRUE
See the last sentence in Paragrph E “Moreover， the level of its activity correlated with the reported desirability of the product in question.”
5. FALSE
See the second sentence in Paragrph F and G respectively “Excessively high prices increased activity in the insular cortex， a brain region linked to expectations of pain， monetary loss and the view.
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