GRE阅读中的常见错误解析
GRE阅读中的常见错误解析 阅读满分不再难,我们来看看吧，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
GRE阅读中的常见错误解析 阅读满分不再难
犯错在考试中实属正常，而知道那些地方容易出错，怎样避免二次犯错则是考生需要学会的知识。在GRE阅读中，考生最容易犯哪些错误呢?下面小编就来为大家汇总GRE阅读中导致扣分的一些主要错误。
看题目时粗心大意
其实对于聪明的中国考生来说，许多时候GRE阅读的题目要求都可以给我们许多的暗示，例如题目中有NB这样的字眼，有些备选项会被用上2次，这无疑是出题者给我们无声的暗示。还有对于一些细节的题目，一定要看清题目要求，要不就会出力不讨好了。还有些题干上会标明考查内容的段落和出处，千万不要不看题干，回原文通篇疯狂地寻找，既耽误了时间，又降低了正确率。
大多数的阅读段落首句都是主题句，呈现出总分结构的特征，接下来的支持具层层展开，保持着与主题句的线性支持关系，这样一来，阅读一段文章时， 思路只要按照首句的方向展开即可，如果第二句和第三句与首句保持一致，那么首句就是段落的主题句，除非中间出现了大的转折或者对比，改变了方向。而如果首句是主题句，那么首句的方向就是整个段落的方向，因此，在阅读过程中只要把握“主题”和“方向”，以及维持或改变方向的“关系词”，就能理解主旨，而段落中的生词变得毫无意义。当然词汇对于阅读有致命的影响，因此建议广大考生在用技巧和方法的同时，提高词汇是解决英语阅读问题的根本所在。
指读和回读的不良习惯
指读，顾名思义，用手指或者笔边指边读的习惯说明是在以“词”为单位阅读。GRE阅读文章篇幅往往较长，如果word by word，一是时间紧迫，无法在考试规定时间完成题目;二是容易断章取义，失去了对文章整体感的把握。
回读就是一段话，一遍不行两遍，两遍不行三遍，直到自以为读懂为止，这是典型的以“句子”为单位阅读的特征，因为读者虽然有可能最终读懂每一句 话，但是却不可能有效区分主题句和支持句，导致其不可能掌握段落主旨。从心理学角度讲，这是不自信和不放心的表现，担心自己有内容遗漏，一而再再而三地读，其实掌握了GRE文章出题的思路，熟悉西方人表达上的思维模式，例如开门见山式，重要信息前置等原则，就可以大胆的在阅读时有“舍”有“得”。
纠结于长句
面对少则二行，多则四行左右的GRE阅读中的长难句，许多考生苦不堪言。究竟要怎么阅读才能事半功倍呢 这里提出“拨笋理论”，将繁琐冗长的句子去除从句，修饰词，层层剥离，找出最重要的核心意思。Eg, Port cities become industrial, financial and service centers and political capitals because of their water connections and the urban concentration which arises there and later draws to it railways, highways and air routes. 请大家“剥去”一些细节和次重点的修饰词，然后注意句子逻辑，找最核心的句意，快速阅读，你只需知道port cities become centers and capitals because of water and urban concentration. 这样既不会遗漏重要情节，又可以养成考场上答题时快、准、狠的特点。
新GRE阅读长难句的结构解读
1、长成分
1)长从句做主语、宾语及其他成分
a、主语从句
b、宾语从句
2)长状语
3)层层修饰
4)并列成分
2、常见倒装搭配
(1)及物动词加介词：固定词组的固定搭配中，经常出现倒装情况，如：bring A to B，写作：bring to B A
例：Yet Waltzer’s argument , however deficient , does point to oneof the most serious weaknesses of capitalism-namely , that it brings topredominant positions in a society people who ,no matter howlegitimately they have earned their material rewards , often lack thoseother qualities that evoke affection or admiration.
类似的情况：throw over , insert into , import into , infer from, establish for , advocate as 等
(2)及物动词加副词
例：make possible …(单词或者句子)
3、省略的几种情况
(1)重复的成分
(2)让步转折的省略：如although (but)
(3)定语从句引导词的省略which(that )
(4)定语从句的引导词和系动词同时省略，变成后置定语
如：qualities(such as “the capacity for hard work”) essential in producing wealth
4、 短语被分割
如：such as, so that , too to , more than , from A to B , between A and B
5、多重否定
如：Despite these vague categories , one should not claimunequivocally that hostility between recognizable classes cannot belegitimately observed .
6、难句分析举例
Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industrygreatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealthdetached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almostequally detached from the responsible management of business.
[句子主干]Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industrygreatly increased …shareholders as a class, (which was) an element…
[语法难点]本句是典型的非限定性定语从句，难点在其主语和宾语都有较长的短语和of结构限定，并且分句是由两个and相连的3个部分组成的。分句an element…landowners 又带有两个定语从句，一个是(which was)representing…，另一个是(which was)detached…。
可见，定语从句的难点在于经常省略“引导词+be”的结构，从而在理解上容易和分词结构相混淆。
[句子翻译] 对资本和企业的这种大规模的非个人操纵大大增加了股东作为一个阶级的数量和重要性。这个阶层作为国计民生的一部分，代表了非个人责任的财富与土地及土地所有者应尽义务的分离，而且也几乎与责任管理相分离。
以上便是新gre阅读考试长难句解析介绍，需要大家理解上不要跟跟结构相混淆，虽然新GRE考试和旧g都有长难句考查，但是新gre阅读考试侧重考查考生的逻辑推断能力，所以新gre阅读考试长难句理解的基础上一定要分清句子结构。
GRE双语阅读：马克卡尼成英国银行新晋领导人
Mark Carney——I mean what I say
马克·卡尼：“言出必行”
The new governor is struggling to convince skeptical markets
英国银行新晋领导人正试图极力说服持怀疑态度的国内市场
CREDIBILITY is treasured by central bankers. It is after all why politicians, who patently lack that precious quality, have entrusted the monetary guardians with the job of taming inflation. But what happens when investors do not believe a supposedly binding central-bank commitment to keep interest rates low?
信誉对于央行行长们来说是极其珍贵的，而这也正是为何那些早已将个人信誉消耗殆尽的政客们委任这些“货币守护者”来遏止通货膨胀的原因。但当投资方不再信任央行曾信誓旦旦“维持国内低利率”的承诺的后果将会是什么?
The answer this week from Mark Carney, the Canadian governor of the Bank of England, was to set out again the case for the forward guidance which had failed to convince the markets when he first delivered it earlier this month. Speaking in Nottingham on August 28th he also announced a relaxation in banks' liquidity requirements to encourage lending. But Mr. Carney's speech seemed unlikely to sway the skeptics. They doubt that the bank's base rate, which has been at a three-century low of 0.5% for over four years, will stay there for another three.
而这位加拿大籍英国银行行长马克·卡尼于本周作出相关回应，即再次利用他于本月前几日提出的相关明细着手处理该事——尽管卡尼先生首次提出该提议时在说服相关市场方面收效甚微。他于8月28日在诺丁汉的演说中宣称，将放宽银行的货币流通需求以此来刺激借贷，但该演说似乎并未打消投资方的疑虑，他们不断质疑银行的基本利率在四年之内一直保持三百年来的最低态势——0.5%仍将持续至下一个三年。
Mr Carney's task is tricky because the bank's forward guidance is about as clear as an insurance policy once the small print has been read. The crucial pledge is that the bank's monetary-policy committee (MPC) will not think about raising interest rates until the unemployment rate, currently 7.8%, falls to 7%. Since the bank's own forecast shows this will take until well into 2016, the MPC is in effect promising to sit on its hands for another three years. But that seemingly straightforward commitment comes with “knockout” clauses. If inflation becomes a threat or financial stability is being endangered, forward guidance will no longer apply.
鉴于英国银行之前的明细规定，与用极难阅读的小字印刷的保险理赔条款一般“清晰明确”，卡尼先生的该项策略实属明智之举，最为关键的是，英国银行下属的货币政策委员会(monetary-policy committee—MPC)在国家失业率由目前的7.8%下降至7%之前，将不会再提高利率，而由于银行预测显示该形式预计在2016年才会有所好转，若货币政策委员会(MPC)履行承诺，那么他们将会在接下来的三年内不再插手该事，然而委员会却道貌岸然地提出了所谓“淘汰”条款，即当通货膨胀构成威胁或国家经济稳定形势岌岌可危时，之前的规定将不再作数。
GRE双语阅读：心理学实验证明时间不等于金钱
Psychology——Time is not money
心理学：时间不等于金钱
Thinking about it makes you a better person, not a worse one
时间观念只会提升人格，绝无裨益
“THE love of money”, St Paul memorably wrote to his protégé Timothy, “is the root of all evil.” “All” may be putting it a bit strongly, but dozens of psychological studies have indeed shown that people primed to think about money before an experiment are more likely to lie, cheat and steal during the course of that experiment.
圣保尔曾在给其亲信蒂莫西的信中写到“金钱是万恶之源”。或许，“万恶”一词说的过于严重，但无数心理研究表明实验前被灌输金钱观念的人更容易在实验过程中撒谎、作弊并行窃。
Another well-known aphorism, ascribed to Benjamin Franklin, is “time is money”. If true, that suggests a syllogism: that the love of time is a root of evil, too. But a paper just published in Psychological Science by Francesca Gino of Harvard and Cassie Mogilner of the University of Pennsylvania suggests precisely the opposite.
另一名言—“时间就是金钱”，出自本杰.富兰克林。如果他说的有理，那么就可以推断出：对时间的珍爱也是万恶之源。然而，哈佛商学院的弗兰切斯卡· 吉诺(Francesca Gino)和宾夕法尼亚大学的凯希·莫吉内尔(Cassie Mogilner)教授共同撰写发表在《心理科学》的论文则持有完全相反的结论。
Dr Gino and Dr Mogilner asked a group of volunteers to do a series of what appeared to be aptitude tests. As is often the case in such experiments, though, what the volunteers were told, and what the truth was, were rather different things.
他俩召集了一些志愿者，参加一系列类似性向测试的实验活动。和其它这类实验一样，这些志愿者被告知的与事实往往是不同的。
In the first test they were asked to make, within three minutes, as many coherent sentences as they could out of a set of words they had been presented with. What they were not told was that each of them had been assigned to one of three groups. Some volunteers' word sets were seeded with ones associated with money, such as “dollars”, “financing” and “spend”. Some were seeded with words associated with time (e.g., “clock”, “hours”, “moment”). And some were seeded with neither. Thus unknowingly primed, the volunteers were ready for the second test.
第一轮测验要求他们用所给词汇在限定的三分钟内尽可能造出更多连贯的句子。但他们并不知道，所有参与者已被悄悄分为三组。第一组所给词汇主要是金钱类的，如“美元”、“融资”、“消费”等。第二组则与时间相关，如“钟表”、“小时”、“一刻”等。第三组则为中性词汇，完全不同于前两组。就这样毫无知觉地，志愿者们进入了下一轮测试。
This was mathematical. They were given a sheet of paper with 20 matrices which each contained 12 numbers, two of which added up to ten (for example, 3.81 and 6.19). They had to write down, on a separate answer sheet, how many of these pairs they could manage to find in five minutes. They were also given a packet of money and told they could reward themselves with a dollar for each pair they discovered.
第二场是数字游戏。每人持有一张印有20个数阵的试卷，每个数阵含12个数字，两两相加为10(如3.81和6.19)。要求每人5分钟内在答题纸上写下所能找到的所有相加为10的配对。同时，每人得到一袋硬币，且被告知，若找到一对即可奖励自己一美元。
Crucially, they were not asked to show their workings on the answer sheets—and the matrix sheets, on which those workings might have appeared, carried no identifier and were ostentatiously discarded once the test was done. Nevertheless, by hiding an identification code in a sample matrix on the answer sheet, Dr Gino and Dr Mogilner knew which matrix sheet each candidate had been given and thus who had cheated and who had not. They found that 88% of those who had been primed with money-related words in the first test cheated, as did 67% of those given neutral words. Of those primed with time-related words, though, only42% cheated.
关键是，本次测验并未要求考生上交答卷或在试卷上写下姓名等身份信息，尽管试卷上可能会有他们的做题思路，但测试一结束就被狠狠地抛弃了。不过，吉诺教授和莫吉内尔教授其实事先已在答题卷上秘密标好对应试卷的身份代码，因此哪些人作弊、哪些人没作弊，他们是一清二楚的。结果表明，第一次实验中接触金钱相关词汇的志愿者有88%的人作弊，接触中性词汇的志愿者有67%的人作弊，而接触时间相关词汇的只有42%作弊。
Nor, despite St Paul's aphorism, was the lure of lucre during the experiment (as opposed to the effect of thinking about it as a result of being primed) necessary as a corrupting influence. A similar trial on different participants showed that presenting the matrix as a test of intelligence also caused those primed with the idea of money to cheat more than those primed with the idea of time—though, intriguingly, that did not apply if the matrix was presented as a test of personality.
尽管圣保尔的格言并非毫无道理，但并不一定证明就是试验中的利益诱惑才如此广泛地腐蚀了人们纯洁的心灵(该观点反对将实验结果归于事先所灌输的观念)。因为在另一相似的实验中(参与者不同)，参与者被告知自己是在做智力测验，最后发现也是同样的结果，即那些有着金钱观念的比时间观念的更易作弊——有趣得是，如果只是视为人格测验，结果却完全不同。
This led Dr Gino and Dr Mogilner to suspect that self-reflection played a part in controlling unethical behavior during the test. They therefore conducted a third test in which, for half the volunteers, there was a mirror in the cubicle they were sitting in when doing the experiment.
针对以上测试结果，吉诺教授和莫吉内尔教授怀疑测试中的非道德行为是受自我反省控制的。为此，他们又设计了第三场试验，其中半数人在测验过程中眼前是搁有镜子的。
Volunteers primed to think about money cheated 39% of the time when a mirror was present but 67% when it was not. Those primed to think about time cheated 32% of the time in the presence of the mirror and 36% in its absence—results that are statistically indistinguishable.
被灌输金钱思想的一组，当现场设有镜子时，参与者在39%的测试过程中出现作弊行为，而没有镜子时，则为67%。相同条件下，被灌输时间观念的一组，分别为32%和36%，该组前后结果基本没什么变化。
Finally, a fourth experiment asked primed volunteers to fill in a questionnaire before tackling the matrix. In among “filler” questions intended to disguise what was happening this asked them to rate how they felt about self-reflective statements like, “Right now, I am thinking about who I am as a person.”
最后第四场实验要求每位已有不同思想输入的参与者在解决数阵前先完成一份问卷。问卷上设有掩饰之前不光彩行为的“补充性”问题，调查他们在看到自我反思表述语句时的想法与感受，如“此时此刻，我在思考着作为人，自己究竟是谁。”。
As in the previous tests, those primed with money words cheated more often than those primed with neutral words and far more often than those primed with time words. But whether someone cheated was also related to how strongly he felt about the self-reflective statements presented to him in the questionnaire.
之前的实验结果显示，被输入金钱类词汇的参与者作弊倾向最高，被输入中心词汇的其次，而被输入时间类词汇的作弊倾向为最小。但是，最后一次实验证明，参与者是否作弊也受其在看到问卷上自我反思陈述时的内心感受所影响。
It seems, then, that thinking about time has the opposite effect on people from thinking about money. It makes them more honest than normal, rather than less so. Moreover, the more reflective they are, the more honest they become. There must be an aphorism in that.
由此，我们似乎可以得出这样一个结论，时间观念与金钱观念对人们所产生的影响是截然不同的。时间观念带给个人诚信的只会是正能量，绝非负能量。而且，一个人越懂得反躬自省，那么他就越诚实。我想，对此必定也有那么一句格言的吧。
GRE阅读中的常见错误解析相关文章：
