GRE阅读的这些重点掌握到位了吗
长难句、题型技巧...GRE阅读的这些重点掌握到位了吗,我们来学习学习吧，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
长难句、题型技巧...GRE阅读的这些重点掌握到位了吗
GRE阅读是语文里面相对没有那么依赖词汇量的一部分题目，那它考察的是什么呢，是对文章逻辑关系的理解?!
没错，一个学术类考试的阅读部分绝不仅仅是考察学生有没有读懂一个句子的，因此同学们的备考策略也要与这一考察重点相符。要做好GRE阅读，就要把长难句、文章和题目都逐一攻破。
长难句
长难句是GRE阅读的一大特点，也是一大难点。在本已逻辑关系复杂的文章当中穿插几个又长又难的句子，使得众多考生叫苦连连。因此在接触GRE阅读的初级阶段，就应该把长难句重视起来，及早攻克。GRE长难句怎么破?
1、选择一本合适的教材，学习和了解长难句是如何构成的，其对应的破解方式是什么。
2、掌握一定的语法知识，最基本的是能分辨句子的主谓及修饰成分，先明确句子的大体结构，再剥离其修饰成分。
3、学习抓住句子的主要逻辑关系。任何一个句子并不是单词的单纯罗列，而是由一定的逻辑关系组合在一起，明确且清晰地表达了一个核心意思和一些逻辑关系，所以抓住逻辑关系比能翻译句子重要千万倍。
文章理解
阅读理解，顾名思义，理解是非常重要的，除了理解单个句子本身以外，文章更多地是在要求考生理解句子之间、段落之间的关系。如果只要理解单个句子，那就考单句理解就可以了，不必给出一个篇章。
因此既然给出的是一篇文章，句子之间肯定是通过一定的逻辑关系连接起来的，这也是GRE阅读考察的东西，即有没有读懂文章的主旨、某个句子的作用、作者的态度、能不能根据原文作出合理的推断等等。
所以，如果你像阅读雅思/托福文章一样只关注单句话的细节，没有整体的框架把握，也没有意识去琢磨句子之间的关系，那么你做GRE阅读的时候一定要培养这个阅读习惯。
1、整体理解
对文章的整体理解主要体现在对结构行文脉络的把握上，在同学们做了大量的阅读之后，需要做的一个总结工作就是认真分析一下每篇文章的脉络，总结类似的文章脉络，以求达到之后看见一篇文章，能够对行文结构有一个合理的预测。
比如说有一类文章会围绕不同观点进行对比展开，那么这一类文章的行文会是先讲一派观点，后面讲另一派观点，最后可能会有作者的分析和态度。对文章有了整体理解的话，文章的主旨题就没问题了。
2、细节理解
对文章的细节理解主要体现在每个句子的作用和与前面句子的关系上。同学们在读文章的时候注意思考每个句子的作用是什么，千万不要被动地接收每个句子给的信息，否则在碰到长的文章的时候会觉得内容太多而记不住。
读细节的时候需要主动思考，甚至通过一些逻辑连接词去预判下面的内容，才会对文章有深刻的理解和记忆，不会迷失在细节里。
题型技巧
虽说读文章是重点，但解题技巧也是不可或缺的，如果你发现你文章读得很明白，但是题目却没有做对，很可能是解题技巧没有到位。做错一道题，切忌看懂了答案就算了，一定要看原文是如何体现这个答案的，自己当时为什么没发现，自己为什么觉得另一个选项是对的。
只有回忆起自己的做题思路，对比正确答案的思路，你才能发现自己的薄弱点。GRE阅读的题型不多，每一种都有规律可循，在做完题目分析总结的时候，注意把题型进行分类，总结归纳每一种题型的做题方式。
总的来说，GRE阅读理解是以文章理解为主，题型技巧为辅，切忌本末倒置。理解文章方面，需要进行思路的切换，从关注单句细节变成关注行文结构和句子关系。另外，总结在做题过程中非常重要，对文章的结构、问题的类型、自己错题的规律都需要总结，不能浪费任何一篇做过的文章。
GRE阅读长难句快速理解语法点技巧解析
1. However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world's more fascination and delightful aspects.
[句子主干]However, the world is so made that…systems are …unable to deal with some of the …aspects
[语法难点]so made指“如此构成”，so和后面的that构成so…that结构，意为“如此……以至于……”。be…(un)able to指“可以(或不可以)……”。
[句子翻译]然而，世界就是如此。一般而言，完美的体系无法解决世界上某些更加引人入胜的课题。
[翻译技巧]be so made that意为“如…构成”，不符合汉语表达习惯，所以译为“就是如此”。
in principle 总的说来/deal with应付……
2. New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.
[句子主干]New forms…as well as new subjects…must arise…as they have in the past, giving rise to…
[语法难点]有并列从句。1)主语较为复杂，为并列结构，分别是new forms和new subjects，中间用as well as连接。
2)as在这里引导了一个介词结构(as they have in the past)，have的宾语省略了，其内容与本句主语一致。
3)giving rise to…分句为非限定性定语从句的从句，省略了which are。
[句子翻译]同过去一样，将来必然会出现新的思维方式和新的思维对象，给完美以新的标准。
[翻译技巧]as well as 和，以及/give rise to给……以机会
GRE阅读长难句快速理解语法点技巧解析
1. This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
[句子主干]This trend began during …, when…,that…
[语法难点]1)有套和从句。这个句子实际上是This trend began.其余的成分都是在起修饰和限定作用。在分析长难句时一定要注意找出句子的主干，关键是确定句子的主语和谓语，只有这样才不会被众多的修饰成分所迷惑。
2)When引导的是时间状语从句。第一个that引导的是修饰conclusion的定语从句，第二个that引导的是修饰demands的定语从句，wants前省略了which，是引导的修饰a government的主语从句。
[句子翻译]这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府下了结论，认为：政府向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。
[翻译技巧]此句中短语较多。
come to the conclusion形成某种结论/make of提出/in detail详细地
2. This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.
[句子主干]This seems …done by supporting a certain amount of research not…but…
[语法难点]注意not…but句型，意为“不是……而是……”
[句子翻译]给某些与当前目标无关但将来可能产生影响的科研提供支持，看来通常能有效地解决这一问题。
[翻译技巧]严格说来，not…but结构应译为“不是……而是……”，但这样就显得罗嗦，所 以译为“与……无关”，但(另一些有关)。a amount of指“数量达到……”。be related to指“与……有关”。
GRE趣味阅读：刚果银行业用木船运钞
Banking in Congo——Cash in a canoe
刚果的银行业：木船运钞
A new system for paying civil servants puts banks through their paces
公务员工资支付方式翻新，银行加快发展脚步
IMAGINE if, to collect your salary each month, you had to walk to the nearest town, perhaps tens of miles away, to conGREgate in a school or a football pitch or a church. There, you and your colleagues wait for a man to arrive from the capital, perhaps a thousand miles away, with a suitcase of cash. Most of the time, you do not receive as much money as you should. Sometimes the man does not arrive at all.
可以想象一下，每月为了工资，你必须走到最近的镇子，可能会十几英里远，然后和同事在某个学校或某个足球场或是某个教堂里等，等一个从千里之外的首都来的人，带着一个现金箱。多数时候，你不会拿到应得的钱。有时，这个人也根本不会来。
Until recently, that is how most government employees in the Democratic Republic of Congo were paid. But over the past three years the government has been urging civil servants to open bank accounts, to which their pay can be transferred directly. In the process, it is accelerating the spread of banking in an economy that, according to Michel Losembe, the bow-tied president of the Congolese Banking Association, is “not very far off barter”.
最近，在刚果民主共和国，多数政府职员才用上述方式拿工资。但是过去三年里，政府一直在催促公务员，让他们开设银行帐户，工资直接打入帐户。这个过程加速了银行业在这样一个经济中的发展。这个经济体用打着领结的刚果银行业协会主席米歇尔·洛桑贝的话说就是，“不是先前的易货经济”。
Few countries are as corrupt as Congo. A persistent national joke concerns a mythical “Article15” of the constitution, which reads “Débrouillez-vous”—“You’re on your own”. Mobutu Sese Seko, a former strongman, used state funds to charter a Concorde to take him on shopping trips to Paris. By the time of his overthrow in 1997, graft was endemic. Government employees were not paid but rather expected to use their positions to make a living.
没有哪个国家像刚果这样腐败。长期以来，全国流传着一个笑话，是关于宪法神秘的“第十五条”，规定“Débrouillez-vous”――“你得靠自己”。 蒙博托·塞塞·塞科曾经是位强人。他曾用国家资金，坐着协和号包机，飞到巴黎购物。1997年下台时，腐败已屡见不鲜。政府职员拿不到工资，而是期望利用手中的权利谋生。
Civil war engulfed Congo in the 1990s and 2000s. As it wound down, government was rebuilt and money again began to flow out of Kinshasa, the capital, to roughly 1m functionaries in the rest of the country. But corruption did not disappear. Among the most prized government jobs was that of accountant: the people responsible for transporting bags of cash to the provinces to hand out to employees.
1990年代至2000年代，内战淹没了刚果，政府千疮百孔。重建后，首都金沙萨再次散金，把钱发给近100万名的公务员。可是，腐败并未消失。政府最值钱的职位是会计，因为这些人负责把现钞袋传给各省，再发给职员。
In 2012, however, the Congolese government started helping civil servants to open bank accounts. Around three-quarters of them—some 670,000 people—now have one. In the process, the government has weeded out tens of thousands of ghost employees, since the embezzlers who invented them could not open accounts in their names without a matching ID.
然而，2012年，刚果政府帮助公务员开通银行帐户。现在，约四分之三的人(总共约67万)都有了银行帐户。在这个过程中，政府清除了成千上万的内鬼，因为盗用公款的人，名不符实，无法开通帐户。
Yet in a vast country with fewer roads than Luxembourg, hardly anyone lives anywhere near a bank branch. So Congolese banks must now do the work the government accountants used to: shipping money to the back of beyond. Cash has to be transported to branches in regional capitals, and thence to account-holders on the backs of motorbikes, in canoes or by foot, explains Oliver Meisenberg, the German boss of Trust Merchant Bank, one of Congo’s biggest.
刚果虽然地域广大，但公路比卢森堡少。在这样一个国家，很少有人住在银行旁边。因此，刚果银行现在的工作就是曾经国家会计的工作：把钱运到僻远地区。刚果最大的银行信托商业银行的德国理事奥利弗·梅森伯格解释说，资金先转到省会城市，再由摩托车、独木舟或是徒步押运。
Bank staff with suitcases of cash makes easy targets, just as they did in the west of America in the 19th century. Though they usually travel with army escorts, there have been at least ten armed robberies of bank employees since January, says Mr Losembe. One particularly brutal raid in September in South Kivu, in the wild east of the country, killed 13 people.
银行职员既要保护现金箱，还要力抗匪徒，跟19世纪美国西部一样。虽然通常是武装押运，但1月以来，武装抢劫至少十起，洛赞伯先生说。9月，刚果西部荒凉的南基伍省抢劫特别惨烈，死亡13人。
Congolese bankers hope that the new system will spur the growth of a proper banking sector. At the moment banks are little more than money-transfer companies, and not very sophisticated ones at that. The transfers tend to go only one way—out of Kinshasa—so cannot be netted against each other; instead cash almost always has to be moved physically. Depositors mistrust both banks and the Congolese franc. To attract dollar deposits, banks must pay at least 6% annual interest; rates for borrowers are generally as high as 25%. There is hardly any corporate lending beyond short-term overdraft facilities.
刚果银行家希望，新的支付系统会刺激银行业的适当发展。目前的业务只是转帐，功能还不完善。转帐只从金沙萨单向转出，因此不能相互赢利;而且现金必须靠人力运送。存款人不信任银行和刚果法郎。为了吸收美元存款，银行年利率至少只能是6%;贷款利率通常会高达25%。除了短期透支贷款，几乎没有企业贷款。
A decade ago there were just 50,000 bank accounts in the whole country, which has a population somewhere between 60m and 80m. Now there are 3m. As more employees get accounts, selling them loans and insurance, and moving them from cash to mobile transactions, becomes more realistic. In the meantime, actually receiving their salaries at all marks a big step forward for civil servants.
十年前，全国仅5万个银行帐户，而全国人口为6000万至8000万之间，现在银行帐户300万个。越来越多的职员开通了银行帐户，给他们放贷，出售保险，以及现金交易转向移动交易，都变得更加现实。同时，公务员确实得到工资，这才是大进步。
