5大技巧助你看懂GRE阅读生词
GRE阅读频繁遭遇生词问题?5大技巧助你看懂生词，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
GRE阅读频繁遭遇生词问题?5大技巧助你看懂生词
1. 多看学术性专业文章加强词汇基础
增加考生的GRE词汇量是最简单，也是最根本的应对方法了。无论是在哪个方面增加的单词量都会在阅读的时候对我们有所帮助，因为阅读更重视的是对于全文的理解，而生词，只要大致知道其含义，不影响阅读就可以。大家需要明确一点，那就是GRE考试虽然对词汇整体要求高，但对于不同的题型部分在词汇的具体需求上还是有所区别的，填空讲究辨析，写作要求会用，至于数学和阅读，都只要考生能够做到脸熟，知道基本含义就能顺利解决。因此考生在词汇方面需要根据不同学科来进行，具体到阅读，大家可以多看一下考试相关的课内和课外阅读材料，对于其中出现的词汇，主要是各类名词，知道其含义即可，没有必要背得太过深入。这样就能比较省力同时有成效地积累阅读词汇，顺利应对GRE阅读考试。
2. 联系上下文猜测词义
猜词能力的高低也是GRE考生阅读能力水准的体现。在阅读中遭遇生词时考生必须具备根据上下文猜词的能力。一般学术类的生词，往往会在词汇出现的前后加上一些解释或者提示，考生可以通过上下文来得出词汇的意思。这一点在科技类或者学术类题材的文章中十分常见。文章中经常会突然甩出一个生词，然后随即附带一段解释。大家假如在阅读此类文章时遭遇到生词，那么上下文里一般都会有解释，而假如没有解释也就代表着这个词汇对于理解文章和解题没有帮助，直接跳过即可。
3. 根据作者态度大致判断词意
如果生词是动词或者形容词，考生可以不必纠结其意思，判断词汇的方向性就可以，不知道具体意思不影响把题做对。这一点很重要，因为这两种词性基本上是以修饰的作用为重，所以判断方向非常重要。举例来说，GRE阅读中有不少涉及到主旨和作者态度的题目，问一篇文章是支持还是反对某个观点，作者的态度是褒还是贬等等。大家只要通过从整体上理解文章来判断出大致方向，那么对于这些词汇就算不知道其意思，也可以大致明白是褒义还是贬义，并据此推测出其大致含义。即使还是没有办法完全理解生词，也不至于影响之后的解题。
4. 看不懂生词也可以做成定位标记
有些生词是GRE的考官们特意放在那里的，目的就是要出题。这就要求大家把生词当成定位词，在它周围寻找问题的答案。多做一些GRE阅读定位词方面的训练题对于大家解决生词是很有帮助的。大家可以加强对于GRE阅读中细节题的训练，一般来说假如出现围绕生词设置的题目，那么大部分题型都会是细节题，看不懂这些生词没关系，大家只要记住其所在位置，到时候快速返回就能顺利解题了。
5. 摆脱对字典的依赖独立应对
有些考生在平时练习阅读时随时在手边放着本字典或者开着查词软件，一看到生词就直接去查意思，这种习惯非常不好。如果养成了不动脑的盲目依赖，就无法培养良好的心里素质和做题态度，毕竟考场上可没有字典可用。因此，大家在平时练习时就要学会放开字典锻炼自身能力，这将有助于大家培养出猜词能力。如果实在需要确认词汇含义，小编建议可以在做完练习之后在进行集中查询，一方面不会影响到解题时候的效果，另一方面也能通过权威渠道补充到生词。总而言之，在GRE阅读练习中请务必禁止使用任何查询工具。只有这样大家才能真正锻炼出应对生词的实战技巧和心得。
总而言之,GRE阅读中的生词问题其实是很有可能发生的，小编建议大家结合本文内容提早做好应对措施并多加练习掌握技巧，如此才能避免在考试中遭遇生词而影响解题，更为顺利地完成GRE阅读部分的解答。
GRE阅读练习
Historically, a cornerstone of classical empiricism has been the notion that every true generalization must be confirmable by specific observations. In classical empiricism, the truth of “All balls are red,” for example, is assessed by inspecting balls; any observation of a non red ball refutes unequivocally the proposed generalization.
For W. V. O. Quine, however, this constitutes an overly “narrow” conception of empiricism. “All balls are red,” he maintains, forms one strand within an entire web of statements (our knowledge); individual observations can be referred only to this web as a whole. As new observations are collected, he explains, they must be integrated into the web. Problems occur only if a contradiction develops between a new observation, say, “That ball is blue,” and the preexisting statements. In that case, he argues, any statement or combination of statements (not merely the “offending” generalization, as in classical empiricism) can be altered to achieve the fundamental requirement, a system free of contradictions, even if, in some cases, the alteration consists of labeling the new observation a “hallucination.”
17. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with presenting
(A) criticisms of Quine’s views on the proper conceptualization of empiricism
(B) evidence to support Quine’s claims about the problems inherent in classical empiricism
(C) an account of Quine’s counterproposal to one of the traditional assumptions of classical empiricism
(D) an overview of classical empiricism and its contributions to Quine’s alternate understanding of empiricism
(E) a history of classical empiricism and Quine’s reservations about it
18. According to Quine’s conception of empiricism, if a new observation were to contradict some statement already within our system of knowledge, which of the following would be true?
(A) The new observation would be rejected as untrue.
(B) Both the observation and the statement in our system that it contradicted would be discarded.
(C) New observations would be added to our web of statements in order to expand our system of knowledge.
(D) The observation or some part of our web of statements would need to be adjusted to resolve the contradiction.
(E) An entirely new field of knowledge would be created.
19. As described in the passage, Quine’s specific argument against classical empiricism would be most strengthened if he did which of the following?
(A) Provided evidence that many observations are actually hallucinations.
(B) Explained why new observations often invalidate preexisting generalizations.
(C) Challenged the mechanism by which specific generalizations are derived from collections of particular observations.
(D) Mentioned other critics of classical empiricism and the substance of their approaches.
(E) Gave an example of a specific generalization that has not been invalidated despite a contrary observation.
20. It can be inferred from the passage that Quine considers classical empiricism to be “overly ‘narrow’ ” (lines 7-8) for which of the following reasons?
I. Classical empiricism requires that our system of generalizations be free of contradictions.
II. Classical empiricism demands that in the case of a contradiction between an individual observation and a generalization, the generalization must be abandoned.
III. Classical empiricism asserts that every observation will either confirm an existing generalization or initiate a new generalization.
(A) II only
(B) I and II only
(C) I and III only
(D) II and III only
(E) I, II, and III
Until recently astronomers have been puzzled by the fate of red giant (red giant: n. 〈天〉红巨星a star that has low surface temperature and a diameter that is large relative to the sun) and supergiant stars. When the core of a giant star whose mass surpasses 1.4 times the present mass of our Sun (M⊙) exhausts its nuclear fuel, it is unable to support its own weight and collapses into a tiny neutron star (a hypothetical dense celestial object that consists primarily of closely packed neutrons and that results from the collapse of a much larger stellar body). The gravitational energy released during this implosion of the core blows off (blow off: v.吹掉, 放出) the remainder of the star in a gigantic explosion, or a supernova. Since around 50 percent of all stars are believed to begin their lives with masses greater than 1.4M⊙, we might expect that one out of every two stars would die as a supernova. But in fact, only one star in thirty dies such a violent death. The rest expire much more peacefully as planetary nebulas. Apparently most massive stars manage to lose sufficient material that their masses drop below the critical value of 1.4 M⊙ before they exhaust their nuclear fuel.
Evidence supporting this view comes from observations of IRC+10216, a pulsating giant star (a star of great luminosity and of large mass) located 700 light-years away from Earth. A huge rate of mass loss (1 M⊙ every 10,000 years) has been deduced from infrared observations of ammonia (NH3) molecules located in the circumstellar cloud around IRC+10216. Recent microwave observations of carbon monoxide (CO) molecules indicate a similar rate of mass loss and demonstrate that the escaping material extends outward from the star for a distance of at least one light-year. Because we know the size of the cloud around IRC+10216 and can use our observations of either NH3 or CO to measure the outflow velocity, we can calculate an age for the circumstellar cloud. IRC+10216 has apparently expelled, in the form of molecules and dust grains, a mass equal to that of our entire Sun within the past ten thousand years. This implies that some stars can shed huge amounts of matter very quickly and thus may never expire as supernovas. Theoretical models as well as statistics on supernovas and planetary nebulas suggest that stars that begin their lives with masses around 6 M⊙ shed sufficient material to drop below the critical value of 1.4 M⊙. IRC+10216, for example, should do this in a mere 50,000 years from its birth, only an instant in the life of a star.
But what place does IRC+10216 have in stellar evolution? Astronomers suggest that stars like IRC+10216 are actually “protoplanetary nebulas”—old giant stars whose dense cores have almost but not quite rid themselves of the fluffy envelopes of gas around them. Once the star has lost the entire envelope, its exposed core becomes the central star of the planetary nebula (a usually compact luminous ring-shaped nebula that is composed of matter which has been ejected from a hot star at its center) and heats and ionizes the last vestiges of the envelope as it flows away into space. This configuration is a full-fledged planetary nebula, long familiar to optical astronomers.
21. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) offer a method of calculating the age of circumstellar clouds
(B) describe the conditions that result in a star’s expiring as a supernova
(C) discuss new evidence concerning the composition of planetary nebulas
(D) explain why fewer stars than predicted expire as supernovas
(E) survey conflicting theories concerning the composition of circumstellar clouds
22. The passage implies that at the beginning of the life of IRC+10216, its mass was approximately
(A) 7.0 M⊙
(B) 6.0 M⊙
(C) 5.0 M⊙
(D) 1.4 M⊙
(E) 1.0 M⊙
23. The view to which line 18 refers serves to
(A) reconcile seemingly contradictory facts
(B) undermine a previously held theory
(C) take into account data previously held to be insignificant
(D) resolve a controversy
(E) question new methods of gathering data
24. It can be inferred from the passage that the author assumes which of the following in the discussion of the rate at which IRC+10216 loses mass?
(A) The circumstellar cloud surrounding IRC+10216 consists only of CO and NH3 molecules.
(B) The circumstellar cloud surrounding IRC+10216 consists of material expelled from that star.
(C) The age of a star is equal to that of its circumstellar cloud.
(D) The rate at which IRC+10216 loses mass varies significantly from year to year.
(E) Stars with a mass greater than 6 M⊙ lose mass at a rate faster than stars with a mass less than 6 M⊙ do.
25. According to information provided by the passage, which of the following stars would astronomers most likely describe as a planetary nebula?
(A) A star that began its life with a mass of 5.5 M⊙, has exhausted its nuclear fuel, and has a core that is visible to astronomers
(B) A star that began its life with a mass of 6 M⊙, lost mass at a rate of 1 M⊙ per 10,000 years, and exhausted its nuclear fuel in 40,000 years
(C) A star that has exhausted its nuclear fuel, has a mass of 1.2 M⊙, and is surrounded by a circumstellar cloud that obscures its core from view
(D) A star that began its life with a mass greater than 6 M⊙, has just recently exhausted its nuclear fuel, and is in the process of releasing massive amounts of gravitational energy
(E) A star that began its life with a mass of 5.5 M⊙, has yet to exhaust its nuclear fuel, and exhibits a rate of mass loss similar to that of IRC+10216
26. Which of the following statements would be most likely to follow the last sentence of the passage?
(A) Supernovas are not necessarily the most spectacular events that astronomers have occasion to observe.
(B) Apparently, stars that have a mass of greater than 6 M⊙ are somewhat rare.
(C) Recent studies of CO and NH3 in the circumstellar clouds of stars similar to IRC+10216 have led astronomers to believe that the formation of planetary nebulas precedes the development of supernovas.
(D) It appears, then, that IRC+10216 actually represents an intermediate step in the evolution of a giant star into a planetary nebula.
(E) Astronomers have yet to develop a consistently accurate method for measuring the rate at which a star exhausts its nuclear fuel.
27. Which of the following titles best summarizes the content of the passage?
(A) New Methods of Calculating the Age of Circumstellar Clouds
(B) New Evidence Concerning the Composition of Planetary Nebulas
(C) Protoplanetary Nebula: A Rarely Observed Phenomenon
(D) Planetary Nebulas: An Enigma to Astronomers
(E) The Diminution of a Star’s Mass: A Crucial Factor in Stellar Evolution
答案：17-27：CDEADBABADE
