GRE阅读难点题型取非题解题思路实例分析
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GRE阅读难点题型取非题解题思路实例分析
一、排除题的解题方法
1.精确定位排除法：
将选项精确的在文中定位，找出选项和阅读文章中的对应关系，注意选项中的同义代换与原文是否对应。有时会出现这样的情况，选项中有四个是和题目的关键词定位在一个段内的，但其中一个选项却定位在了另一个段落内，那么这个选项就是答案。
注意：正确答案一般是作者在文中明确反对过的，或者是根本未提到，再或者就是定位的段落未提到的(选项的关键词落在别的段落)说法。
2.强对比排除法：
如果题目中是关于A的提问，但是原文中没有直接给出与A相关的描述。不过，文中出现了与B相关的特征描述，而B呢正好是与A形成强烈对比的对象。那么我们只需要把B的特征取非就可以得到答案了。一般文章中会出现unlike，in contrast to, compared with,阅读的过程中遇到该类别的关键词注意要做笔记。
3.无关信息排除法:
如果某一个选项和文章大意没有关系或者根本没有提到过，那么它一定就是正确答案了。因此，在阅读的过程中要留意文章每段的中心意思，理出文章的写作思路，以此来作为细节判断的依据。
如果能够将题目定位到某一段，那么就可以用该段的TS(Topic Sentence 主题句)来进行排除，和TS无关的就是正确选项。
二、实例讲解
下面是一道长阅读的第一段：
In large part as a consequence of the feminist movement, historians have focused a great deal of attention in recent years on determining more accurately the status of women in various periods. Although much has been accomplished for the modern period, premodern cultures have proved more difficult: sources are restricted in number, fragmentary, difficult to interpret, and often contradictory. Thus it is not particularly surprising that some earlier scholarship concerning such cultures has so far gone unchallenged. An example is Johann Bachofen’s 1861 treatise on Amazons, women-ruled societies of questionable existence contemporary with ancient greece.
1.识别重要信息，做标记
在读的过程中我们注意到上文出现了典型的并列成分(标志：冒号，“A, B and C结构”)，读到后马上做记号。
中文翻译：
在很大程度上，由于女权主义运动(feminist movement)的缘故，史学家近年来汇聚了大量的注意力，来更为准确地确定妇女在各个历史时期的地位。虽然对现当代的研究成就斐然，但古代文化的研究要证明更为困难：资料来源数量有限，支离破碎，难于解释，且经常互相矛盾。因此，人们并不特别惊讶地发现，有关这些古代文化的早期学术研究迄今为止听凭其流传下来，而未遭到质疑。其中一个实例就是约翰·巴霍芬(Johann Bachofen)1861年论述亚马孙人(Amazons)的论文，而所谓亚马孙人，即那些由女性统治的社会，其难置可否的存在与古希腊时值同期。
2.例题解析
不出所料，后文果然出现了except题:
All of the following are stated by the author as problems connected with the sources for knowledge of premodern cultures EXCEPT
(A) partial completeness
(B) restricted accessibility
(C) difficulty of interpretation
(D) limited quantity
(E) tendency toward contradiction
通过”premodern cultures”或者“problems with sources”定位到上文中相关部分。5个选项都比较眼熟，一下子无法通过TS找出与原文没有关系的选项，也没有出现强对比。因此，选用精确定位排除法来进行解答，找出选项和原文的对应关系。
我们可以发现A选项partial completeness与fragmentary对应，说明资料来源的支离破碎(不完整性)，C选项difficulty of interpretation与原文的difficult to interpret对应，两者几乎都没有进行改写，只有词性的改变。D选项limited quantity与原文restricted in number相对应。E选项tendency toward contradiction与原文的contradictory相应。只有B没有找到相对应的并列成分。因此答案选B。
三、排除题相关的语言现象：列举、并列成分和冒号
1. 列举
所谓列举，就是在文章中出现对某一对象的几个特征进行的逐条描述，比如first,...,second..., third... 遇到这样的语言现象赶紧做好标记，因为这个语言现象经常会考except题。
2. 并列成分
比如X includes A, B and C,这里的A B C就是句子的并列成分。这种结构也常考排除题。通常是有4个选项分别约ABC等成分相对应，而其中有一个成分找不到对应，或者是与原文意思不符。
3. 冒号
冒号后面也常会出现列举现象，因此，遇到的话一定要标出来。后面的内容可以大致浏览或者不看。
以上就是关于GRE阅读中常见的排除题的解法介绍和讲解，大家可以发现，只要掌握合理科学的解题方法，再加以练习，其实GRE阅读并不难解决，希望大家都能从上文有所收获，在GRE阅读考试中获得高分。
新GRE阅读练习题
The Environmental Protection Agency must respond to the hazard to children's health posed by exposure to asbestos fibers released in the air in school classrooms. Since it is impossible to close school buildings, the best plan would be to initiate programs that mandate the immediate removal of asbestos from all the school buildings that are found to contain asbestos, regardless of whether or not the buildings are in use.
Which of the following, if true, is the strongest reason for the Environmental Protection Agency not to follow the plan outlined above?
(A) The techniques available for removing asbestos often increase the level of airborne asbestos.
(B) Schools are places where asbestos is especially likely to be released into the air by the action of the occupants.
(C) Children exposed to airborne asbestos run a greater risk of developing cancer than do adults exposed to airborne asbestos.
(D) The cost of removing asbestos varies from school to school, depending on accessibility and the quantity of asbestos to be removed.
(E) It is impossible to determine with any degree of certainty if and when construction materials that contain asbestos will break down and release asbestos fibers into the air.
答案：A
新GRE阅读练习题
Aedes albopictus, a variety of mosquito that has recently established itself in the southeastern United States, is less widespread than the indigenous swamp mosquito. Both the swamp mosquito and A. albopictus can carry viruses that are sometimes fatal to humans, but A. albopictus is a greater danger to public health. Each of the following, if true, provides additional information that strengthens the judgment given about the danger to public health EXCEPT:
(A) Unlike the swamp mosquito, A. albopictus originated in Asia, and larvae of it were not observed in the United States before the mid-1980's.
(B) Unlike the swamp mosquito, A. albopictus tends to spend most of its adult life near human habitation.
(C) Unlike swamp mosquito larvae, A. albopictus larvae survive in flower pots, tin cans, and many small household objects that hold a little water.
(D) In comparison with the swamp mosquito, A. albopictus hosts a much wider variety of viruses known to cause serious diseases in humans.
(E) A. albopictus seeks out a much wider range of animal hosts than does the swamp mosq-uito, and it is more likely to bite humans.
答案：A
新GRE阅读练习题
In the country of Laurelia, legal restrictions on the sale of lock-picking equipment were relaxed ten years ago, and since then Laurelia's burglary rate has risen dramatically. Hence, since legally purchased lock-picking equipment was used in most burglaries, reintroducing strict limits on the sale of this equipment would help to reduce Laurelia's burglary rate.
Which of the following, if true, gives the strongest support to the argument?
(A) Laurelia's overall crime rate has risen dramatically over the last ten years.
(B) There is wide popular support in Laurelia for the reintroduction of strict limits on the sale of lock-picking equipment.
(C) The reintroduction of strict limits on the sale of lock-picking equipment in Laurelia would not prevent legitimate use of this equipment by police and other public safety officials.
(D) Most lock-picking equipment used in Laurelia is fragile and usually breaks irreparably within a few years of purchase.
(E) The introduction five years ago of harsher punish-ments for people convicted of burglary had little effect on Laurelia's burglary rate.
答案：D
