如何解决GRE作文论据素材准备问题
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GRE作文论据素材准备问题解决办法
对于绝大多数的考生，准备GRE写作时最头疼的问题就是没有例子。虽然上了这么多年的学，脑子里的知识也不少，可以只要一举例子，就只有那么稀稀拉拉的几个"大路货"。一举科学家，大凡就是爱因斯坦，牛顿，居里夫人;一提到"失败是成功之母"，就只有爱迪生玩命地试灯泡了。可是，想要举出一个与众不同的例子，真的就这么难吗?
其实，如果你留心观察生活，就会发现，生活中到处都是好例子，遗憾的是，我们从来没有想过把它们变成GRE写作的一部分。
那么该怎么去发现这些好例子呢?方法其实也很简单：
首先，你必须要很熟悉题库。很多老师对issue部分的题目都有分类，网上也有很多这方面的资料。其实不论是何种分类方法，你都必须要通过分类对整个244道题库有个全面的了解，知道ETS会考什么，不会考什么。
接下来，有了对题库的了解之后，这是你会发现，有些生活中看似无关的事情，突然变得有用了。这里，我就以一个八杆子打不着的"犀利哥"给大家做个示范。
犀利哥的背景大家都熟，这里就不多介绍了。可是他的事情怎么就能写到GRE作文里呢?
首先，犀利哥是一个普通的流浪人员，但是却一夜暴红，这和媒体的炒作不无关系。而我们的issue题库中，就有很多讨论媒体对公众影响的题目。这时，犀利哥就是个媒体影响很好的证明。
其次，犀利哥的出名也反映了当今社会对外表和时尚的狂热。人们完全无视他是个有精神障碍的病人，而只是因为他的穿着恰好符合当时的审美趋势而追捧他。这在讨论到issue33题"外表和内在那个更重要的时候"也非常适合。
当然，这个例子还可以用来讨论公众隐私(29, 161题)和快餐文化(107， 151， 215等题)中，这里就不多解释。
根据刚刚的分析，我们就很容易把犀利哥的例子，按照事件的积极消极意义，整理成下面的一些要点：
Positive side：
1)Media's magic power to turn a nobody into somebody overnight
2)Media's role in bringing public attention to the misfortune and the helpless who may otherwise be neglected and discarded by the society
Negative side:
1)The world's over-emphasis on the appearance, not on the inner-self. By turning a homeless to a fashion model, the story of Brother Xili is just an extreme case of many.
2)The frenetic pursuit of instant fame and interests by modern people dwarfs the most fundamental basis of human nature: love, equality, respect and compassion.
3)The world only cares about the "fashionable" photos of Brother Xili and flocks to Ningbo to see him in person. But no one really cares about him as a person, a man with mental disorder, a brother that needs our care and love, not relentless media exposure and disturbance.
经过这样一番思考之后，你会发现，在真正写GRE作文时，你需要准备的案例的数量其实并不多，关键是，你能不能通过对例子深入的分析使一个例子可以同时解决许多道题目，达到"以一当十"的效果。
GRE作文素材之名言
1. Waste not,want not.
俭以防匮。
2. From saving comes having.
富有来自节俭。
3. A penny saved is a penny gained.
省一文是一文。
4. Take care of the pence and the pound
will take care of themselves.
金钱积少便成多。
5. Frugality is an estate alone.
节俭本身就是一宗财产。
6. He that regards not a penny,will lavish a pound.
小钱不知节省，大钱将滥花。
7. Small gains bring great wealth.
积小利，成巨富。
8. Many a little makes a mickle.
积少便成多。
9. As the touchstone tries gold,so gold tries man.
试金之石可试金，正如黄金能试人。
10.Courage and resolution are the spirit
and soul of virtue.
勇敢和坚决是美德的灵魂。
11.The path to glory is always rugged.
光荣之路常坎坷。
12.Nothing is difficult to the man who will try.
世上无难事，只要人肯试。
13.The fire is the test of gold;adversity of strong man.
烈火试真金，困苦炼壮士。
14.Great hopes make great man.
远大的希望造就伟大的人物。
15.No way is impossible to courage.
勇士面前无险路。
16.A smooth sea never made a skillful mariner.
平静的大海决不能造就出熟练的水手。
17.The good seaman is known in bad weather.
坏天气下才能识得出良好的海员;要识好海员，须凭
坏天气。
18.The best hearts are always the bravest.
行为最勇敢的人心地总是最善良。
19.We must not lie down,and cry,God help us.
求神不如求己。
20.He that falls today may be up again tomorrow.
今天跌倒的人也许明天就会站起。
21.Rome was not built in a day.
罗马并非一日可建成;坚持必成。
22.Success belongs to the persevering.
胜利属于坚忍不拔的人。
23.We must repeat a thousand and one times that
perseverance is the only road to success.
我们要多次重申：不屈不挠是取得胜利的唯一道路。
24.Perseverance is failing nineteen times
and succeeding the twentieth.
十九次失败，到第二十次获得成功，这就叫坚持。
25.Step by step the ladder is ascended.
登梯需要逐级登。
26.Adversity leads to prosperity.
困苦通向昌盛。
27.Patience and application will carry us through.
忍耐和专心会使我们度过难关。
28.Fortune often rewards with interest those
that have patience to wait for her.
做事只要有耐心，到头总会有好运;耐心候好运，好
运常会来。
29.All things will come round to him who will but wait.
只要肯等待，一切都会按时来。
30.Constant dropping wears the stone.
滴水不绝可穿石。
31.Omelets are not made without breaking of eggs.
鸡蛋不打破，蛋卷做不成;不甘愿吃苦，则预期效果达不到。
32.The world is a ladder for some to go up
and others to go down.
世界好似一把梯，有人上去有人下。
33.There needs a long apprenticeship to understand
the mystery of the world's trade.
要知世事奥秘多，须要长期作学徒。
34.Life is sweet.
生活是可爱的;人无不好生(恶死)。
35.Where there is life,there is hope.
生命不息，希望长在。
36.Life is not all beer and skittles.
人生并不全是吃喝玩乐。
37.Much water runs by the mill that
the miller knows not of.
眼前发生许多事，有些我们并不知。
38.Fortune knocks once at least at every man's door.
人人都有走运的一天。
39.If you are too fortunate,you will not know yourself;
if you are too unfortunate,nobody will know you.
运气太好，见人不睬;运气太坏，无人理会。
40.Every man is the architect of his own fortune.
每一个人都是自身幸福的建筑师。
41.Happy is he who knows his follies in his youth.
记得年轻时所作蠢事的人是幸福的。
42.Misfortunes never (seldom) come alone (single).
祸不单行。
43.Misfortune is a good teacher.
不幸是良好的教师。
44.Misfortunes come at night.
祸常生于不测。
45.Misfortunes tell us what fortune is.
恶运临头后，才知幸运贵。
GRE作文素材之名言
46.Adversity makes a man wise,not rich.
患难能使人聪明，但不能使人富有。
47.Live and learn.
活到老，学到老。
48.It is never too old to learn.
为学不怕年高。
49.A man becomes learned by asking questions.
要长学问，就得多问;多问则业精。
50.There is no royal road to learning.
学问无坦途。
51.He who is ashamed of asking is ashamed of learning.
畏问之人耻于学。
52.What is learned in the cradle lasts till the grave.
婴孩时期学到的东西，老死不会忘记。
53.Learning makes a good man better and ill man worse.
知识能使好人更好，坏人更坏。
54.Soon learnt,soon forgotten.
学得快，忘得快。
55.Learn young,learn fair.
为学趁年青，既学须学好。
56.A lazy youth,a lousy age.
少时懒惰老来苦。
57.He that knows nothing,doubts nothing.
无知即无疑。
58.A good name keeps its luster in the dark.
良好的名声在黑暗中也能闪闪发光。
59.Fame is a magnifying glass.
名誉是放大镜。
60.A good fame is better than a good face.
美名胜于美貌。
61.Fame like a river is narrowest at its
source and broadest afar off.
名誉如河流，发源处最狭，愈远愈宽广。
62.Take honour from me and my life is done.
没有名誉，就没有了生命。
63.Beware of him who regards not his reputation.
要谨防不重名誉的人。
64.It is better to die with honour than to live in infamy.
光荣的死胜于羞辱的生。
65.Adversity successfully overcome is the highest glory.
成功地克服困难是最大的光荣。
66.Reputation is often got without merit
and lost without fault.
无功得名是常事，无过失名也是常事。
67.Your father's honour is to you
but a second-hand honour.
对于你来说，父亲的荣誉只是间接的荣誉。
68.Never trust another what you should do yourself.
自己该做的事，决不要委托给旁人做。
69.It is an equal failing to trust everybody,
and to trust nobody.
信任一切与不信任任何人，同样是弱点。
70.Eat a peck of salt with a man before you trust him.
在你信任一个人之前，先要深入了解他。
71.If you trust before you try,
you may repent before you die.
不经考验就依赖，不到瞑目便的悔。
72.Never trust to fine words.
切勿轻信漂亮话。
73.Trust not a great weight to a slender thread.
细线挂重物，终究不可靠。
74.Be just to all,but trust not all.
要对一切人都公正，但不要对一切人都信任。
75.Trust thyself only,and another shall not betray thee.
只要信任你自己，旁人才不出卖你。
76.Self-trust is the essence of heroism.
自信为英雄品质之本。
77.Confidence is a plant of slow growth.
信任是一种生长缓慢的植物。
78.Truth is the daughter of time.
真理是时间的女儿。
79.Truth hath a good face,but ill clothes.
真理面目善良;但衣衫褴褛。
80.Truth and roses have thorns about them.
真理和玫瑰，身旁都有刺。
81.Truth may be blamed,but shall never be shamed.
真理可能会被责难，但绝不会受羞辱。
82.Though malice may darken truth,it cannot put it out.
恶意可以糟塌真理;但无法消灭真理。
83.Truth will prevail.
真理必胜。
84.Truth's best ornament is nakedness.
不加掩饰乃是真理的最好装饰。
85.Facts are stubborn things.
事实是最顽强的东西。
86.Sooner or later,the truth comes to light.
真相迟早会大白。
87.The truths we least like to hear are those
which it is most to our advantage to know.
我们最不愿意听到的事实，往往是我们知道了会
大有好处的事实。
88.Falsehood like a nettle stings those
who meddle with it.
谎言似荨麻，玩弄会刺手。
89.There is many a fair thing full false.
有许多说得好听的东西充满了谬误。
90.Though a lie be well drest,it is ever overcome.
谎言装扮虽不错，到头总会被揭露。
GRE作文素材：名人之哥伦布
哥伦布 (Columbus)
Italian mariner and navigator; widely believed to be the first European to sail across the Atlantic Ocean and successfully land on the American continent. Born Cristoforo Colombo, between August and October 1451, in Genoa, Italy. Columbus was the eldest son of Domenico Colombo, a wool-worker and small-scale merchant, and his wife, Susanna Fontanarossa; he had two younger brothers, Bartholomew and Diego. He received little formal education and was a largely self-taught man, later learning to read Latin and write Castilian.
Columbus began working at sea early on, and made his first considerable voyage, to the Aegean island of Chios, in 1475. A year later, he survived a shipwreck off Cape St. Vincent and swam ashore, after which he moved to Lisbon, Portugal, where his brother Bartholomew was living. Both brothers worked as chartmakers, but Columbus already nurtured dreams of making his fortune at sea. In 1477, he sailed to England and Ireland, and possibly Iceland, with the Portuguese marine, and he also bought sugar in Madeira for a Genoese firm.
In 1479, Columbus married Felipa Perestello e Moniz, from an impoverished noble Portuguese family. Their son, Diego, was born in 1480. Felipa died in 1485, and Columbus later began a relationship with Beatriz Enruez de Harana of Cordoba, with whom he had a second son, Ferdinand. (Columbus and Beatriz never married, but he provided for her in his will and legitimatized Ferdinand, in accordance with Castilian law.)
By the mid-1480s, Columbus had become focused on his plans of discovery, chief among them the desire to discover a westward route to Asia. In 1484, he had asked King John II of Portugal to back his voyage west, but had been refused. The next year, he went to Spain with his young son, Diego, to seek the aid of Queen Isabella of Castile and her husband, King Ferdinand of Aragon. Though the Spanish monarchs at first rejected Columbus, they gave him a small annuity to live on, and he remained hopeful of convincing them. In January of 1492, after being twice rebuffed, Columbus obtained the support of Ferdinand and Isabella. The favorable response came directly after the fall of Granada, the last Moorish stronghold in Spain, which led Spanish Christians to believe they were close to eliminating the spread of Islam in southern Europe and beyond. Christian missionary zeal, as well as the desire to increase Spanish prominence in Europe over that of Portugal and the desire for gold and conquest, were the primary driving forces behind Columbus?historic voyage.
On August 3, 1492, the fleet of three ships he Ni, the Pinta, and the Santa Maret forth from Palos, on the Tinto River in southern Spain. After spending nearly a month in the Canary Islands, off the mainland of northwest Africa, the ships continued west, following the parallel of Gomera. According to records of the voyage, weather remained fair throughout. The first sighting of land came at dawn on October 12. (Though Columbus claimed that he himself, on the Ni, was the first to see land, later evidence showed that the sighting was made from the Pinta.) The place of the first Caribbean landfall was most likely modern San Salvador, or Watling Island, in the Bahamas.
Thinking he had reached the East Indies, Columbus referred to the native inhabitants of the island as ndians,?a term that was ultimately applied to all indigenous peoples of the New World. The three ships sailed among other Bahama islands and landed at Cuba, which Columbus convinced himself was the mainland of great Cathay (China). There was little gold there, and his exploration continued by sea to Ayti (Haiti) on December 6, which Columbus renamed La Isla Espa la, or Hispaniola. He seems to have thought Hispaniola was Cipango (Japan); in any case, the land was rich with gold and other natural resources, and allowed Columbus to return to Spain in the spring of 1493 with riches enough to convince his sovereigns of his success.
After a difficult journey back to Europe, Columbus paid a visit to King John II of Portugal, which prompted suspicion that he had collaborated with Spain enemy. He subsequently appeared before Isabella and Ferdinand in Barcelona, displaying gold, exotic birds, herbs and spices, and even human captives that he had brought from the New World. The sovereigns were easily persuaded to fund a second voyagehis time, at least 17 ships and 1,300 men set sail from Ciz on September 25, 1493. En route to Hispaniola and Navidad, the settlement he had founded there, Columbus and his fleet entered the West Indies near Dominica (which he named) and proceeded past Guadeloupe and other Lesser Antilles before reaching Borinqu (modern Puerto Rico).
Upon reaching Navidad, Columbus found the settlement destroyed and the Spanish settlers dead, victims of strong native resistance against their colonial tactics. After building more fortified settlements, including one named La Isabela, in honor of the queen, Columbus declared himself governor of Hispaniola, intending it to become a trading post for European settlers to conduct business with the rich Oriental empires he expected to find. After searching the Cuban coastline and Jamaica for gold, Columbus had decided that Hispaniola was the richest source of gold and other spoils.
In February 1494, 12 ships returned to Spain from La Isabela, commanded by Columbus?associate, Antonio de Torres. Two more of his subordinates, Alonso de Ojeda and Pedro Margarit, led a campaign of violence against the native inhabitants of Hispaniola, in revenge for the murder of their comrades at Navidad. They killed and captured many natives, taking them as slaves, seemingly with the full knowledge and approval of Columbus. Throughout the next two years, the Spaniards continued their resolute conquest and colonization of Hispaniola.
On March 10, 1496, Columbus set sail for Spain, leaving his two brothers, Bartholomew and Diego, in charge of Hispaniola. When he reached C iz, he found Spain at war with France and his benefactors even more eager to acquire gold and other riches from the New World. In command of six ships, three with explorers and three with provisions for settlement on Hispaniola, Columbus set sail for a third westward crossing on May 30, 1498. The first land sighting was at Trinidad, which Columbus named in honor of the Holy Trinity.
When the expedition arrived back at Hispaniola, he found it in disarray, with a revolt mounting against his brothers led by the alcalde (mayor) of La Isabela, Francisco Rold. The chiefs of the indigenous tribes in Hispaniola, as well as a number of Spaniards, were incensed by Bartholomew Columbus?reorganization of the gold production process, which favored certain Spaniards over others and exploited the native labor force. As Columbus tried to restore order, sometimes resorting to hangings, Rold and his fellow opposition leaders sent so many letters of complaint against Columbus and his brothers back to Castile that the rulers sent the Spanish chief justice, Francisco de Bobadilla, to Hispaniola. Bobadilla took Columbus and his brothers into his custody and sent all three men back to Spain in shackles.
Ferdinand and Isabella later ordered Columbus?release, and he appeared before them at Granada in December 1500. The monarchs allowed that Columbus was a superior mariner and navigator, but questioned his abilities to govern. Another man was appointed governor of Hispaniola, and Columbus was given support and permission to begin a fourth expedition. As he prepared for the voyage, which would be his last, Columbus revealed in his writings an even stronger mystical vision of himself as the bearer of Christianity into worlds unknown, a vision that had contrasted sharply with the realities of conquest and colonization in Hispaniola.
He set sail from C?iz on May 9, 1502, with four ships, arriving at Santo Domingo on Hispaniola on June 29. Continuing on down past Jamaica, the southern shore of Cuba, Honduras, and the Mosquito Coast of Nicaragua, Columbus showed navigation skill in a voyage as difficult as his first crossing of the Atlantic. He was searching for the strait to India, but obviously did not find it, and was eventually forced to turn back. En route to Hispaniola, however, his ships were unable to make the distance and had to be beached on the coast of Jamaica in June of 1503. Columbus and his crew spent a year in Jamaica before returning to Spain on a ship sent from Hispaniola on November 7, 1504. Upon arriving there, Columbus learned that Queen Isabella, long his most sympathetic supporter, was on her deathbed. She died on November 26, 1504.
By the end of his final voyage, Columbus?health had deteriorated; he was suffering from arthritis as well as the aftereffects of a bout with malaria. With a small portion of the gold brought from Hispaniola, Columbus was able to live relatively comfortably in Seville for the last year of his life. He was emotionally diminished, however, and felt that the Spanish monarchs had failed tto live up to their side of the agreement and provide him with New World property and gold, especially after Isabella’s death. Columbus followed the court of King Ferdinand from Segovia to Salamanca to Vallodid seeking redress, but was rejected. He died in Vallodid on May 20, 1506. His remains were later moved to the Cathedral of Santo Domingo in Hispaniola, where they were laid with those of his son Diego. They were returned to Spain in 1899 and interred in Seville Cathedral.
The debate over Columbus?character and legacy has continued into the twenty-first century, revived in 1992 with the celebration of the quincentenary of his first voyage to the New World. Though the United States celebrates a national holiday in his honor (on the Monday closest to October 12, the date of the first landfall in 1492), much more attention has been paid in recent years to the Spanish explorers?treatment of the Native American peoples, and the word discovery?has been replaced by encounter?when used to describe Columbus?achievements in regard to the Americas. Columbus went to his grave believing he had reached the shores of Cathay, and that he was a divine missionary, ordained by God to spread Christianity into the New World. In modern society, many have made Columbus out to be a villain and a symbol for all that is exploitative and predatory about the colonization of the Americas by Europe. The true Columbus, it is certain, lies somewhere in the middle.
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