托福写作的6个注意内容
为了让大家更好的准备托福考试,小编给大家整理一些托福写作小技巧,下面小编就和大家分享,来欣赏一下吧。
托福写作的6个注意内容
1.托福写作到底考察你的什么能力。在大作文当中,考生需要展示四种能力,即解决问题的能力,证明自己观点的能力,对比的能力和反驳的能力。而这四种能力在文章中都是有具体的体现的。如证明自己观点的能力通常在主体段的第一部分,一般来说,你要提出三个不同角度的分论点。例如谈论老师在教学中的优势,你可以说监督作用,弹性和情感连接。这三条理由是在不同的层面。如果你说弹性,针对性,和个性化教学,就是在同一角度看问题,因为这三条是一个意思。
2.托福写作的评分标准。它是对以上四个能力的等级考量。这不仅仅是托福老师备课的内容,考生也应该充分的理解,才能有的放矢,获得理想的成绩。
3.对内容的评价。即是否把题目中所涉及的所有观点进行了讨论。这并不反对你选择一边倒。这方面同学们常犯的错误是自说自话。如有的同学认为老师不会被电脑所取代,然后在主体段论述了老师的数个优势,却完全没有提及电脑和网络的存在合理性及优势。这个不是理性的一边倒,而是片面看问题。考官的评语是the question is partially addressed. 这一项的评分不会超过24分。托福的六分相当于大学入学考试的及格分,而辩证看问题的能力是入大学门槛的一个前提。所谓辩证,就是你可以站在不同的角度看一个事情,并且能够看到各自的优劣势。
4.对论证过程的评价。你可以想象一场辩论,你是正方,你的对面坐着反方。怎样说服对方,这就是议论的目的。因此这一项的重点是论证的过程中逻辑清晰,论证合理。在这方面同学们常犯的错误是不够重视。很多人误以为托福考的是语言,不是内容,所以前两项评分标准被忽视了。很多同学过于追求遣词用句的难度,而忽略了意义的表达。这种情况通常发生在那些语言水平相当不错的学生身上。单独看文章的句子都够复杂,用词够难,但是整个段落或者文章的意思不连贯,甚至不知所云,前后矛盾。结果是把考官搞晕,把自己的成绩搞砸。无论是什么文体,交流是最终的目的。议论文的交流尤其注重逻辑性,即辩论的流畅和信服度。建议这样的同学放弃对词句的过度追求,改用简单的语言,把自己的思想清楚的表达出来,六分便唾手可得。
5.词汇量
6.语法和句型。这两个项目都是对语言能力的考察。所以对于那些语言基础不好的同学,六分似乎是一个难以逾越的障碍。其实,只要你的高中成绩能达到及格,六分就是有希望的。你可以以简单句为主,少量的加一些有把握的复杂句式;词汇不必太难,但是使用正确;整个文章的意思表达清楚,逻辑条理,考官能看明白你的观点是什么,就能达到六分了。
24分并非高不可攀,只要我们知道目标在哪里,就知道力气往哪里使。最后送大家一句话。If you don’t know where you’re going, you will probably end up somewhere else.
托福写作常出现的问题有哪些呢
托福写作评分标准中的几个常见错误举例
1. 词汇失误
Example 1: Reading can increase my words, rich my knowledge and enlarge my eyesight。
托福写作经验提到这是考生在描述读书的好处,其优点在于在句子结构方面尽力打造排比结构。然而,词汇失误严重影响句子理解和整体效果。“读书可增大词汇量,增长知识,开阔眼界。”本句中词汇失误频繁出现,如:increase,words,rich ;enlarge my eyesight令人费解。建议可做如下修改:
Revised: Reading can enlarge my vocabulary, enrich my knowledge and broaden my horizons。
Example 2: Sometimes I play with friends from my school。
此句是典型的Chinglish,在中文中,可以说“和朋友玩”,但是不可对应为英文的“play with friends”,其意思是把朋友当成了玩具。play 用作不及物动词时,常接介词 with,表示“玩;玩耍”。例如:
The little boy is playing with a yoyo。
Don't play with fire. It is very dangerous。
2.用词不当
学生们写的作文里或多或少都会有一些用词不当的问题,但是要注意的是一些最最基本的错误是托福作文中不能犯的。
In the show, if participators answer twenty problems that the host mentioned correctly, they will get five hundreds thousand U.S. dollars as a prize.
——problems应改为questions
这里的拼写错误不是指在考试时候的误打,而是本身对词汇拼写记忆的错误。
In conclusion, issue of whether parents are the best teachers is a complex one, requiring subjective judgement, consequently, there are no easy or certain answers.
——judgement应改为judgment
3.句子层面的常见失误
考生在语法方面的错误主要表现为“主谓不一致、可数名词单复数错误、时态错误、限定动词和非限定动词错误”等,这里就不一一赘述了。此外,还有一些句子层面的常见问题值得我们关注,现列举如下:
1. Run-on Sentences (串句)
串句是不用连词和标点而把两个(或以上)独立的句子串在一起的错误表达。有些串句是不用任何标点间隔两个甚至更多的句子;有些串句是在该用句号时滥用逗号,忽略了英语语言中的逗号本身没有连接句子的功能这一原则。
例如:
Rita decided to stop smoking she didn’t want to die of lung cancer。
The exam was postponed the class was canceled as well。
修改原则
First of all, children can earn money from their jobs, although there isn’t too much, but they will keep their salary gingerliness.
这里的gingerliness根本是不知所云。该句子还有以下问题:
1)该作文题目是讲学生是否应该做兼职,因此children的出现就显得很莫名其妙;
2)although和but是不能连用的;
3)指代不明,they不知道是指代前面的什么;
4)表达中式
The second argument-it might have been noticed by others-is that in some occasion, it is quite difficult to compare parents to teachers because parents are a kind of people, teachers are a kind of vocation.
1、句子中划线部分的表达过于中式化。
A。把原句分成两个独立的句子。
Rita decided to stop smoking. She didn’t want to die of lung cancer。
The exam was postponed. The class was canceled as well。
B。用并列连词连接两个句子。
Rita decided to stop smoking, for she didn’t want to die of lung cancer。
The exam was postponed, and the class was canceled as well。
C。用分号连接两个句子。
Rita decided to stop smoking; she didn’t want to die of lung cancer。
The exam was postponed; the class was canceled as well。
2、Fragmentary sentences (破句)
破句是把不完整的句子当作独立的子句来写作时发生的错误。常见错误包括:从属连词引起的破句,ing分词和不定式结构引起的错误,增添细节引起的破句和缺少主语的破句。
例如:
After I arrived in Chicago by bus. I checked into a room. Then I went to a diner to get something to eat。
修改原则:改正从属连词引起的破句时,可以把该从句附属于其前或其后某个子句上。也可以去掉破句中的连词。
I arrived in Chicago by bus and found a place to stay. Then I went to a diner to get something to eat。
当然,对于其它形式的破句,可以根据不同情况给予改正。如,改正 -ing结构引起的破句时,可以把它附属在其前或其后的某个句子上,可以添加主语,把 -ing形式改变成谓语动词,把being形式改成作谓语的be动词(is, are, was, were, am );改正不定式结构引起的破句时,可以把它附属于前句上;改正添加细节引起的破句时,可以把它附属在前面一个表达完整思想的句子上;可以给破句加上主语和动词使它成为一个独立子句;可以尽可能改变词序,辅以增减词,使破句成为前句的组成部分;改正缺少主语的破句时,可以把它附属于前句上,也可以给破句添加主语(通常是指代前句主语的代词形式)。
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高产“章”又来了,这次咱们聊托福独立写作
托福独立写作-论证套路
The something that I do not like may be an occasional or rare case. ←论证思路的亮点:以circumstance为切入点 (此处有福利:这个逻辑切入点直接接驳GRE写作的要求)。I do not think that I would stop being friends with that person just because of the rare or infrequent occurrence of such a case. If most of the things that friend does align with my ideas and there are a few times I may disagree with him or her, I think, to be realistic, that the friendship is already sound, since there would be no people who could always think the way I think or do things my way. ←复杂句型:为什么(原因状语从句)在某种条件下(条件状语从句)发生某件事情(主句)。As a matter of fact, this happens to me and to everyone. If a friend of mine chooses a journey with some people I do not know over a party that celebrates my birthday, our friendship would not end, although theabsence may be unpleasant, admittedly. ←复杂句型:在某种条件下(条件状语从句)发生某件事情(主句), 虽然什么情况发生(让步状语从句)。Thetoleration is necessary since I would not be able to guarantee that everything I do would please him.
独立写作技法|别拿 “四选一” 吓唬人!
独立写作题目
Which way do you think is the most effective way to deal with homesickness:
1.Do activities or eat foods that remind you of home;
2. Maintain contact with people from home;
3. Make new friends;
4. Try activities and foods that are special to the place you are in.
写作范文
.选项1和选项2的优势在于,让异乡同家乡无差异,因为无差异所以不想家。
对应而言,选项3和选项4的(对应)劣势在于,让异乡与家乡的差异可能很明显,差异使人想家。
.于是,对于抛弃选项3和选项4的讨论可以仅仅从这个关键劣势(the key and shared disadvantage)着手,而不一定再写别的理由。
再于是,题目就被简化成“三选一”了。
.然后,选项1优于选项2的点在于,activities和foods更现实 (They are present, practical, and tangible.),而家乡的朋友可能还是很“远”(They are still physically distant.)。
首先,针对选项3和选项4的让步:One might make new friends to seek company, and the one might also try the local activities to adapt to the local community. Both ways are to make the one less of a stranger in the new place. 然后转折提出关键劣势: However, either way would create a strong sense of displacement because of the likely stark differences between the new place and home, which become increasingly perceptible as the one meets more and more new people and tries more and more activities and foods. 至此,迅速抛弃选项3和选项4。如果有必要,可以举例子:blah blah blah blah blah blah.
另起一段,先讨论选项1和选项2的优势(别贪恋篇幅): blah blah blah blah blah blah. 然后,讨论选项1优于选项2的点(讨论的重点): blah blah blah blah blah blah. 于是,就是典型的两者对比:“二选一”。
复杂句型为长句,长句的信息量大
是段落内容的核心
其它句子的作用是:
引入、铺陈、过渡、补充、总结等
At this point, tolerance is important also because ←使得段落之间形成联系 if a friendship stops just because I cannot accept anything I disagree with, I would not have any friends. 论证思路的亮点:以consequence为切入点 (此处有福利:这个逻辑切入点直接接驳GRE写作的要求)。As is mentioned above, there would be no people who could always think the way I think or do things my way. In other words, it would be idealistic that none of our friends would ever do anything that we dislike, and we would be setting the bar too high, and, as a result, seldom would we have any friendship with anyone. ←复杂句型:平行复合句。复杂句型为长句,长句的信息量大,是段落内容的核心。Unfortunately, one of my dorm-mates adopts this unrealistic view. I constantly hear his complaints that his friends annoy him as they do something he does not like, and many of his friendships have been terminated until this fussy dorm-mate has no friends at all.
托福写作3种常用简单句式详解 句式多样化提升得分评价
托福写作简单句实用句式:there be句型
there be句型可以说是绝大部分同学或多或少写过的句式。但很多同学写作时很少想到去用这个句式,主要是因为老给考生使绊的“Chinglish思维方式”。Therebe的句型在写作中极容易犯错,比如:明天将会有很多重大新闻。有的考生想都不想地就写成:Tomorrow will have many significant news. 这样的句子就属于较严重的语法错误,tomorrow能发出have这个动作吗?肯定是不能的,所以主语并不是tomorrow。这里很明显没有可以发出“有“这个动作的主语,所以正确答案应该是:There will be many significant news tomorrow. tomorrow 是典型的时间状语,所以以后在there be的写作中要注意可能出现的状语和主语的混淆错误。
托福写作简单句实用句式:动名词做主语
动词一般不可以在句首做主语,但是如果把动词加上ing,它就会变成“动名词“,那么这个主语就“名正言顺”了。语法书中定义:“动名词,即是兼有名词和动词特征的非限定性动词,可以做主语、定语、表语和宾语等。”
所以这样表达最合适:
读书是一门艺术:Reading is an art.
可以发现,动名词做主语的句子所包含的意思真的不是针对哪一个或哪一类人,暗指的对象应该是整个大众,所以,使用动名词开头的句型不仅是在说理,而且还更加客观、科学,是书面语的标志。
托福写作简单句实用句式:代词做主语
这种句型还是适用在找不到主语的情况下,但是情况要显得更加复杂一些。例如:“现在对于很多老师来说处理学生的在校不恰当行为并不是那么容易。”
句子看上去似乎很复杂,考生可能需要想很久、慢慢理清楚词与词之间的关系。其实,这时候有种很简单的方法就可以轻松地解决问题。那就是如果句子里有形容词,可以用这个句型来处理:“It is + adj. + for somebody to do sth.”
以上就是托福写作简单句的3种实用句式介绍,希望大家能够在写作时多加思考,丰富句式运用,提升写作得分。